Primal Instinct :: Free Essay Writer

Primal InstinctIn the Lord of the Flies William Golding has a group of schoolboys crash on an island and become barbaric. The ground why the boys turn wild is because of their old instinct to hurt others. This behavior is inherited from early ancestors killing to stay alive. Mans tendency towards violence, how people take sides and split up into groups, and the struggle for power are three ways mans behavior will generally occur. Each of these suggests that violence is a key factor to getting what they want. Mans prime instinct towards violence really shows when they are living without rules or realize that there are no authority figures to enforce any rules. Without having consequences for any actions that readiness be taken then they primal instinct of the boys begins to take over. Even though the fact of no punishments may be known in the dorsum of ones mind there is still the thought of whats right. Roger stooped, picked up a stone, aimed, and threw it at Henry and back agai n. (Page 67) This is an example of how Roger knows it is wrong to hit someone with a rock but also knows that there are no punishments for anything. The madness came into his eyes again. I thought I might kill. (Page 55) This is showing how he lets his primal side take over his thoughts when he is hunting. He forgets about everything he had ever been told about whats right because of his primal instinct to kill. He had an induce to hunt, his instincts were teaching him how. Even thought he really did now know how to hunt mans primal instincts helped him learn quickly. How people take sides and form groups shows how bulk rules. The majority that rules needs a leader. This leader has to hold the rules but when the childrens primal instincts take over the control is lost but the majority still rules. permit him be the chief with the trumpet thing. (Page 24) This quote shows how all of the children are agreeing on this. Once one invokes it, the rest agree. If there is not anyone brav e enough to mention something then no one will because they are all afraid that no one else will agree with them. Who thinks Ralph oughtnt be chief? he looked expectantly at the boys ranged round, who had frozen.

Overconfidence and Arrogance in To Build a Fire by Jack London Essay

Overconfidence and Arrogance in To Build a Fire by Jack capital of the United KingdomOverconfidence and arrogance led to the death of the man in JackLondons To Build a Fire. This overconfidence in his own abilitiesled to him making measly decisions and scorning the advice of those whoknow what they are talking ab let out. Instead, he laughs at the old manafter he tells him a man should travel with a partner (1769) andgoes out into the frigid weather anyway. He knew that it was 75degrees below zero and that his body was numb but he didnt carebecause he mentation he could overcompensate it. Even when he was about to diehe thought, freezing to death is not as bad as people thought itwas(1772) and when he got hind end to the states he could tell the folkswhat real cold was.(1772) Obviously the man did not take thesituation seriously. Instead of dying with dignity he thought abouthimself running around like a chicken with its head cut off. (1772)He time and again snubs the warnings th at he is receiving from nature.He encountered many warnings that it was as well as cold to be outside.First...

Interrelation of Physical and Social Characteristics in Society :: Anthropology

Interrelation of Physical and Social Characteristics in SocietyCultures on this satellite ar infinitely diverse and quite different from each other as well. Many of the customs and rituals that are practiced in the United States are diverse in nature as well, but are similar in more ways to each other than to cultures in other regions of the world. It seems that a great deal of a cultures core stems from their surrounding environment, and the pressures that this puts on those trying to live there. A cultures physical and cordial characteristics are interrelated, and play an important role in the development of a society and the personalities of the people.Marriage, jobs, and politics are all areas of a culture that are influenced by a persons environment. In the U.S., monogamy is the normal structure of spousal, and is a logic choice considering the type of environment we live in. Independence tuition is emphasized to prepare people for obtaining the highest standard of li ving in the U.S. Being better than another is important in this society, and is stressed to most people from a very early age. Living away from ones parents is not only expected but also often desired by two the child and the parents. Mobility is a huge factor in the work force, and the less one is tied down to, the easier it is to make the necessary transitions. In other societies, forms of marriage other than monogamy make more sense, and make life story easier. For example, the Kung San live together in small mathematical groups, in which everyone takes care of all the children, and much of life is not privately shielded from the group. Their openness and sharing of childcare and lifestyles is also portrayed in their food gathering activities. The villagers gather food and then set apart it to not only their own nuclear family, but to others as well. It would be too hard to survive on your own in this environment, so the group structure works well.Inheritance of lands and goods also plays an important role in the structuring of societies and families in other cultures outside of the U.S. Cultures such as the Inuit, Tibetans, and Marquesan Islanders of Polynesia, practice polyandry, the marriage of more than one man to a single woman. This is common for brothers who do not wish to divide up their fathers lands, so they will get hitched with the same woman and both retain the entire estate.

Does attachment theory theory provide a sounf basis for bringing up chi

Examine the argument that the cognitive, biological and environ affable explanations of dyslexia are complementary. (Specimen) diverse perspectives lead to contrastive theories. And different theories can provide insights into the same thing Littelton et al Mapping Psychology 1 OU 2002Dyslexia is a congenital condition that results in a primary difficulty in learning to read and write, although its behavioural symptoms are far more wide ranging than this. Uta Frith (1999) suggests there are 3 main perspectives on any developmental condition behavioural perspective, cognitive perspective and biological perspective. She also speech patternes the significant impact environmental factors can hand over in the explanations offered from the biological, cognitive and behavioural perspectives. This paper aims to outline and evaluate the object glass of knowledge of from each one perspective. From there it will identify and compare the methods used by each perspective and the interventi on strategies proposed to facilitate change. In so doing, this paper will clarify whether the cognitive, biological and environmental explanations of dyslexia are complementary. All triad perspectives offer different views of what they see as important in dyslexia research. Behavioural perspectives describe the behavioural signs experienced by people with dyslexia. Cognitive perspectives offer insights into the mental processes involved and influenced by dyslexia. The biological perspective is offers explanations of the behavioural symptoms in terms of possible biological origins eg. Genetic, neurophysiological, or biochemical. Each perspective obviously differs in their object of knowledge , yet all three remain focused on the condition of dyslexia. Evidently the behaviourist perspective conflicts with the cognitive perspective regarding mental processes and whether emphasis should be on just behaviour of behaviour that is used to make inferences about what is going on in the head . Behavioural perspectives use directly unmistakable behaviour to establish the possibility of the presence of this developmental condition. They identify signs such as difficulty in linking sound to a symbol, orientation of letters (Samuel Orton deformed symbols), problems breaking up words into their constituent sound, difficulty sequencing information ( affects rote learning, m tables, expression of ideas) and mixed ... ...on to D. We discussed the object of knowledge of each and how they might impart our knowledge of D. We outlined some shortfalls of the perspectives but ultimately agree that each contribute to the depth of our understanding of D. It could be concluded that the 3 Perspectives complement each other in that each perspective deepens our understanding of dyslexia in its own way. As we nurture seen human behaviour and more specifically D, can be seen as a result of complex interactions between cognitive and other processes, influcedced by a whole range of interc onnected and modifyable biological systems. Also we have seen how our environment can impact on all these levels. To conclude, the most comprehensible and useful account of D in my opinion would be to integrate the different psychological accounts . Only by asking questions from different perspectives do I feel a full explanation of the potential causes and strategies for remediation might be reached. In conclusion, different perspectives set different tasks and tap into different features of dyslexia. This paper considered the contributions these perspectives brought to dyslexia research and where they complement each other

The Atrocity of Saul Alinskys Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Ess

The Atrocity of Saul Alinskys Utilitarian Approach to CommuncationJeremy Bentham, one of the founders of Utilitarianism, believed his philosophy could provide for the sterling(prenominal) happiness of the greatest number of people. However benign it may sound, at the heart of Utilitarianism is a cold, teleological process which reduces happiness to a mere commodity. It is even worse that Saul Alinsky would extend this philosophy to a point where the truth becomes relative, justice becomes a tool of those powerful enough to wield it, and any means ar justified to reach ones desired ends.Utilitarianisms focus on outcomes inevitably leads to a lack of concern with the means used to action a given outcome. This allows for a process in which the rules of conduct are vague, open to interpretation, and less important than ones objective. This lack of absolute standards distinctly violates several key standards of Martin Bubers Dialogic values, which I believe are essential to ethic al communication. These standards stress the importance of the authenticity and honesty of ones me...

The Atrocity of Saul Alinskys Utilitarian Approach to Communcation Ess

The Atrocity of Saul Alinskys Utilitarian Approach to CommuncationJeremy Bentham, one of the founders of Utilitarianism, believed his philosophy could provide for the great happiness of the greatest number of people. However benign it may sound, at the heart of Utilitarianism is a cold, teleological process which reduces happiness to a mere commodity. It is even worse that Saul Alinsky would extend this philosophy to a point where the truth becomes relative, justice becomes a tool of those powerful enough to wield it, and any means atomic number 18 justified to reach ones desired ends.Utilitarianisms focus on outcomes inevitably leads to a lack of concern with the means used to bring through a given outcome. This allows for a process in which the rules of conduct are vague, open to interpretation, and less important than ones objective. This lack of absolute standards clear violates several key standards of Martin Bubers Dialogic values, which I believe are essential to ethi cal communication. These standards stress the importance of the authenticity and honesty of ones me...

Mice and Men Essay

John Ernst Steinbeck was born on 27 February 1902, in Salinas, California, USA. The Salinas River is mentioned in the first declination of Of Mice and Men. The whole novel is centred on the landscape around Salinas. Steinbeck was the third of four children, of mixed German and Irish descent. His pargonnts owned a considerable amount of land, and his scram was a schoolteacher who encouraged him to read widely. His background was neither rich nor poor, and his parents commanded him to follow a respectable career.John Steinbeck wrote the novel c anyed Of Mice and Men. It was published in the slack years of the 1930s. Steinbeck raises questions in the mind of the reader that the novel would be based on loneliness. The first line read A few miles sec of Soledad. This is a clever idea by Steinbeck as Soledad means loneliness in Spanish.John Steinbecks family was wealthy, but was interested in the lives of farm labourers.It gave him a inspiration to write books about migrant workers.He could of been a doctor or a teacher but he chose to become an author.John Steinbeck essential of met a upsurge of people equivalent Lennie and George, so he has ideas to write a right book. The historical context of the novel is that its all about the depression years in the 1930s. It was illegal to be unemployed. People living in the 30s didnt have a choice but to go to work.The main characters in this story are George and Lennie. They travel around together, share their minds together, and what ever trouble Lennie gets into, George had to get him out of it. George didnt like Lennie that much because of all the trouble that he gets into. He didnt want to stay with Lennie, but his m other t middle-aged George to wager after him. Lennie was always trying to find a good opportunity to go off alone in the hills. George didnt want that, he liked Lennie as a friend, but Lennie gets into too much trouble. solely they always say You got me, and I got you.This novel called Of Mice and Men was set in a town called Soledad. It meant Lonely in Spanish. The counterpane is located in the affectionateness of no w here(predicate). Its 4 miles to the town. The characters in this novel are scatter workers who are described as lonely.Ranch work is not long term. solely of the workers move out for dulcify and Crooks are altogether passing through. When George and Lennie get jobs, the boss is suspicious of them because they look like theyve known each other from somewhere and are occlude friends. The other ranch workers see that George is always answering for Lennie. But they cannot understand why they are always together. George says that ranch workers are the loneliest people in the world and dont belong nowhere.In this paragraph, Im going to write about Crooks. Crooks is a black guy. Hes not allowed to stay in the bunkhouse with the other ranch hands because he is black. He doesnt have the same status as the other innocence workers. Crooks was also excluded beca use he suffered an injury and so is not as capable as the other ranch hands. His possessions show that he is lonely. E rattlingone can see that because he loves to read his books but was excluded. Crooks doesnt like when Lennie tries to talk to him. Crooks get angry every time he tells Lennie to go away from him. But after that, he admits that he is lonely. Lennie forget also get lonely and even sick when no one is with him. He needs someone beside him all the time so that he notices supported. For this, he always wants George.In this paragraph, I have looked at the way Crooks treat other people and what his appearance looks like to everyone else.I will now write about Candy. Hes an old man who wants to join up with George and Lennie and get a place where they can live. Candy provides a parallel to George and Lennie in that he relies on his dog Im so used to im (p.46) just as George and Lennie are an elevated version of a master/dog relationship. Candy clings to his dog, despite all that logic and common sense dictate.He loves to be with his dog because he had him since he was a puppy. It was the high hat sheepdog he had ever had. The other workers didnt realise the relationship between Candy and the dog. It meant nothing to everyone except for Candy. Theyve been together for all of Candys life. But now Lennies life has ended.Candy cleans out the farm buildings, and shows George and Lennie the bunkhouse. Candy lost his hand whilst working on the farm, and was allowed to stay on in this lowly position as cleaner. Candy soon asks George and Lennie if he can come in with them. George said We werent thinking of a third person. experience we was gonna do it on our own.George knew that it was owned by old people who might be willing to sell it for $600 or so. Candy confesses he has $350 protected up and asks if he can come in with them. George really begins to believe that his dream might become a reality.He needs to work for other month or two and not spend anything so that they will have the stake to buy the farm. This will be good for Candy because then(prenominal) he can live a happy life and avoid the loneliness in the life of a ranch worker.Hes worked here for so long and wants to change his miserable life and create it peaceful. Candy was moaning that he just let a stranger shoot his dog. By the look of him, he could see that Carlson didnt like the smell of Candys old dog. Carlson asks Slim to give Candy one of the other pups so that the old dog can be shot. Once the dog has been shot, he feels strong pressure because he had him since he was a pup.When George and Lennie were talking about their dream, Candy step in and instead of being sad, George and Lennie gives pride and gives Candy more confidence.In this paragraph I have explained Candys life and the way he lives.I am now going to write about Curleys wife. She doesnt like Curley very much and wants to go elsewhere but cannot because of Curley. The other ranch workers avoi d Curleys wife as they know that if they befriend her, they will get into trouble. She also said that she could hang Curley at anytime if she felt like it (Showing that she can be dangerous as well as Lennie).She also visits the bunkhouse a lot, she wanted company, but had to ask where Curley was. On Saturday nights she is left at the ranch alone. When she is left alone at the ranch, she tells everyone about her life and story. Its very miserable for Curleys wife. She tells everyone the truth that she doesnt really like Curley.Everyone else has pick ups except for her. She has to be called Curleys wife. That is why she doesnt appear much in the story. Shes being treated like an object. Slims dog name is Loulou. We have looked at the character of Curleys wife and how she got on.George and Lennie are different to the other ranch hands. The way they respond to each other shows very close acquaintance. Lennie always get into trouble and George is there to get him out of it. They share a dream together of working and then getting a lot of money so that they can live comfortably in the place that there going to get. Every time George says Were gonna get the place. Lennie gets very excited and says I get to tend the rabbits. But when George is about to shoot Lennie, he keeps saying this so that Lennie puts his mind fully onto the house in his pass and imagining him tend the rabbits, George wanted this because when he looked the other way, there was a time to shoot him.George wanted him to see it as he is talking. It was related to the shooting of Candys dog too which gave George more confidence in shooting Lennie. But at the end, it is George who will feel guilty. George often insults Lennie and gives him hell, but he doesnt really mean it. Although he often talks about how well off he could be without Lennie he secretly doesnt want Lennie to leave, and when Lennie offers to do so in the first chapter, George virtually pleads with him to stay.This is because Georg e also depends on Lennie to a certain extent for his unconditional friendship. I didnt think that Steinbeck would make George shoot Lennie. At first, those two was good friends, I thought they would actually get that bunkhouse. But it ended in a bad way. It made the readers / watchers feel shocked and feel that his life has ended with just one shot. George always gets annoyed of Lennie and Lennie says that he will go up to the hills. George knows that hes the only one who has to get him out of trouble. But then decides if Lennies gone, then he can have total freedom and do anything he wants. At the end, it might of been a mistake to shoot Lennie.The first paragraph tells us about the introduction of John Steinbeck. It tells the readers what is going to happen. The second paragraph describes the setting and ranch workers. Its the setting of the story and the ranch workers. The third paragraph lets the readers understand Crooks. It also describes his ethnic group and his rights. The f ourth paragraph tells us about Candy. It tells the readers about his loving dog and his dreams towards the ranch. The fifth paragraph also describes Curleys Wife. The way she acts in the story, and how lonely she is. Finally, the last paragraph tells the readers about the friendship of George and Lennie. It tells us how George and Lennie travel together, live together and the trouble that they get into. It also summarises George and Lennies dream.John Steinbeck is trying to say that life in the 1930s in California was lonely. He doesnt just write it down, because that will just give the point away. He wants the readers to imagine it for themselves.

Race & Ethnicity in Our Society Essay

Race and culturality be master(prenominal) concepts and plays a great deal among our community. Very few of us ar awargon of the difference between ply and ethnicity. M either of us assumed that is the same definition. In Sociology this terms go for a very peculiar(prenominal) and different meaning. Race Is your bio logical features this can include your skin color, eye and hair color, as well as a tendency toward developing trusted diseases. Race cant be changed or disguised. Race does non have customs or globally learned behaviors.In new(prenominal) talking to race refers to only your genetic history and identifiable physical characteristics that are separate and distinct from other races. For example Hispanics are always generalized as Puerto Rican. Skin color does not necessarily connect to your cultural background. Ethnicity Is a concept referring to a shared culture and way of life. This can be reflected in language, religion, material culture such as clothing and food and cultural products such as art and music. Ethnicity is often a major source of loving cohesion and social conflict. Ethnicity is not just a persons race.For example the term Caucasian means white, that this term doesnt expound a persons ethnicity. We can have three white people from different parts of the world like Canada, Ireland, and England. Just by flavour at them we cant contain from what part of the world they are from. But, if we give them appropriate items from their culture, like religion, language, food preparation and preferences, then is easy to determine their origin. Ethnicity is about tradition, behaviors and customs. We can change our ethnicity but not our race. Ethnic conclaves have a consciousness of their common cultural bond.Ethnic groups doesnt exist merely because of the common national or cultural origin of the group, they develop because of their unique historical and social experiences, which became the basis for the groups ethnic identity. For example prior(prenominal) to immigration to the United States, any group of immigrants did not think of themselves as a distinct group with common interest and experiences. However, the process of immigration and the experiences they approach as a group in the United States, including discrimination, created a new identity for the group. virtually examples of ethnic groups include Italian Americans, Polish Americans, Mexican Americans, and Irish Americans. Other ethnic groups are found in other societies such as in Afghanistan and Iraq, whose ethnicity is base on religious differences. Like ethnicity, race is a socially constructed category. A race is a group that is treated as distinct in society establish on certain characteristics. Because of their biological or cultural characteristics, which are labeled as inferior by powerful groups in society, a race is often singled out for differential and unfair treatment.It is not the biological characteristics that define racial gr oups, but how they have been treated historically and socially. Society assigns people to racial categories such as blacks, whites, Hispanics etc. not because of science, logic or fact, but, because of opinion and social experience. Hispanics and blacks are perceived as minority group who share common characteristics like low position in society, in that location is more(prenominal) poverty among them, and low education standards. A minority group is any distinct group in society that shares common characteristics and is forced to domiciliate low status in society because of prejudice and discrimination.A group may be classified as minority on the basis of ethnicity, race, sexual preference, age, or class status. It is important to note that a minority group is not necessarily the minority in terms of numbers, but it is a group that holds a low status in relation to other groups in society. (Regardless of the size). The group that assigns a racial or ethnic group to subordinat e status in society is called The Dominant group. One of the problems that have an refer on race and ethnicity is stereotypes.It is an oversimplified opinion and judgment about psyches of a social group. It is also a tendency where humans characterize a person of a race or ethnic group based on assumptions criticizing unitarys appearance. Some examples of this are Chinese and Indians are unspoilt in math and sciences, but are poor in English and humanities, White Americans are lazy, obese, and judgmental towards other races and are highly materialistic. Italians are always in a mob, Irish people are always drunk and African Americans are drug peddlers, thugs, good dancers, and good at athletics.Additionally, in that location are other forms of stereotypes such as gender stereotypes that are based on an individuals gender and both(prenominal) examples are men founder great business leaders and women make good homemakers, men are masculine and strong, women are good cooks, they want to have babies and make great nurses.Another stereotype is social class that is based on social status in society and some examples of this are roofless people have behavioral problems, are into substance abuse, lazy and smelly, working class are naive and not street smart, and upper class are judged as being shallow, arrogant and untrustworthy There are several sociological theories about why prejudice, discrimination and racial discrimination exist.Prejudice and discrimination are two similar terms that deal with negative misjudgments and disrespect. Prejudice is unreasonable feelings and attitudes toward a social group based on preconceived preference without any knowledge or facts about that groups race or ethnicity. There have been researches that state the origin of prejudice began from learning and observing tact from peers, parents, and the media.For example, if children imitate their parents complaining against another individual of a different nationality, then th at child will mature and think negative ideas about those members of that culture. In the media, movies, magazines, books and newspapers pictured some nationalities in pessimistic images for example, Japanese Americans were shown as sneaky and untrustworthy and American Indians were presented as scoundrels or submissive characters. As for discrimination, it is a behavior of disdain and insolence against members of a group rather than show consideration for an individuals merit.An example of this is a landlord doesnt rent an apartment to soulfulness because that individual is mentally retarded and a property manager checks the credit records of all Hispanics and black applicants and sues small credit problems as an excuse to refuse to rent an apartment, but doesnt always look at the records of white applicants and overlooks small credit problems in their records. Racism is a term where negative attitudes and behaviors are linked unneurotic and makes an individual belonging to a ra cial or ethnic group as intellectually, socially, and culturally inferior to ones own group.Furthermore, there are many types of racism that exist in society such as old-fashion racism, which deals with physical violence aversive racism, is being stealthy or not interacting with someone of another race or ethnic laissez-faire racism which occurred after the Second World War and during the 1950s , is a subtle but unbroken negative stereotyping of minorities, a tendency for whites to blame a racial group for gaps in socioeconomic standings, occupational achievement and educational achievement, and clear resistance to pregnant policy efforts designed to improve Americas racially oppressive social conditions and practices.The next racism is color-blindness because an individual affected by this type of racism prefers to ignore lawful racial, ethnic, cultural and other differences and insists that racial issues in America will go away if only race is ignored all together. Lastly, insti tutional racism is negative judgment and coercion of one racial or ethnic group by societys existing institutions based on presumed inferiority of the oppressed group. An example of this is racial filing, where if an African American or Hispanic individual is arrested, they are considered to serve more sentence time than that of Whites and Asians.In fact, an African American or Hispanic who commits a crime, are more likely to get arrested than a White person committing the exact same crime. Yet, there are three types of sociological theories that study on the origins of racism, discrimination and prejudice. They are functionalists, symbolic interaction and conflict. First, functionalist theory has its origins in the work of Emile Durkheim and it interprets each part of society as a whole. Meaning, that the different parts of society are organized to fill the different needs and each has particular consequences for the form and shape of society.Also, from this opinion, if there is d isorganization in the system, such as deviant behavior, it will affect all other parts and create social problems, which newr lead to social change. So, in order for society to maintain stability, racial and ethnic minorities must assimilate into society. Meaning, that this perspective assumes that in order for minority groups to be fully pledge members of society, they must adopt the culture of the dominant society and thus give up their own culture.But, assimilation stands in dissimilarity with pluralism, which is the maintenance and perseverance of ones own culture, language, traits, practices, art, etc. Second, symbolic interaction theories have two types of issues addressing it one, the role of social interaction in reducing racial and ethnic antagonism and second, how race and ethnicities are socially constructed. So, touch on theory, which it was originated with the psychologist Gordon Allport, argues that Whites and other minorities groups will reduce racism, discriminat ion and prejudice with each other, but only through these three conditions.First, the contact must be between individuals of equal status and both parties must interact on equal grounds. Second, the contacts between equals must be sustained short-run contact will not decrease racism, discrimination and prejudice. Lastly, social norms favoring equality must be agreed upon by the participants. The third theory, conflict theory is based on class conflicts, which are inherent and fundamental part of society. Also, theorists argue that class inequality must be reduced to lessen racial and ethnic conflict in society.The current class versus race controversy has caused concerns of whether class or race is more important in explain inequality and its consequences of whether they are of equal importance. Those focused on class conflict, such as sociologist William Julius Wilson, have argued that class and changes in the economic structure are sometimes more important than race in improving the life chances for different groups. On the other hand, some sociologists such as Bonilla-Silva and Feagin argue the opposite.They say that race has been and is relatively more important than class in explaining and accounting for inequality and conflict in society and that directly addressing the question of race forthrightly is the only way to bat the countrys race problems. Also, another perspective called intersection perspective refers to the interactive or combined effects of racism, classism and gender in the coercion of individuals. This perspective notes that not only are the effects of gender and race intertwined, but also both are intertwined with the effects of class.So, this is the reason why class, along with race and gender, are integral components of social structure, according to intersection perspective. Lastly, there have been individuals in history that have formed groups and organizations in order to attain social and racial equality. These groups help show everyone that no matter what race or ethnicity someone belongs to, if individuals are willing to fight for civil rights and privileges, then they can make a change in society, no matter what consequences are in store.First, the civil rights ordure was based on the passive resistance philosophy of Martin Luther king Jr., learned from the philosophy of Satyagraha of the East Indian Mahatma Mohandas Gandhi (meaning leader). This helped African Americans and black people to fight against segregation through nonviolent techniques, such as sit-ins, frontier and appealing to human conscience in calls for brotherhood, justice and equality. Even though African Americans and black people fought for racial justice and civil rights before this front, this ride brought greater civil rights under the law to many groups women, disabled people, and the aged.In 1955, African American mistress and NAACP secretary Rosa Parks made an impact in history when she bravely refused to relinquish her se at in the White only section of the Montgomery bus. In addition, most of the bus drivers were African American and thanks to the action of Rosa Parks, the famous Montgomery bus boycott, led by Martin Luther King Jr. initiated. Impetus was given to the civil rights movement and the boycott due to the unspeakable death of Emmett Till in 1954. He was a black teenager who was killed in Mississippi only for whistling at a white woman in a store.So, a group of white individuals rousted Till from his bed at the home of a relative and beat him until he was dead and unrecognizable. Then, they tied a heavy cotton gin fan around his neck and dumped him in a river. Later on, Tills draw allowed a picture of his misshapen son so that society could contemplate the horrific event that occurred and no one was prosecuted for tills murder. The next movement known as La Raza Unida Party (The Race Party) was established on January 17, 1970 in Crystal City, Texas by Jose Gutierrez and Mario Compean.It c entered on Chicano nationalism and in the 1970s, it bid for better housing, work and educational opportunities for MexicanAmericans. It was originated by the Workmen of the World and it expanded to other states, such as California and Colorado. However, the novice city council did not weapon the parties goals due to political and economic attacks from Anglo business, landowners in surrounding counties and political and economic attacks from Democratic and Republican parties.Still, La Raza Unida Party was still active and ran candidates for governor of Texas, Ramsey Muniz in 1972 and Mario Compean in 1974. But in 1972, they ran a candidate in a very competitive US Senate race in Colorado, Secundion Salazar, who received 1. 4% of votes. During the late 1970s, the party changed tactics to a more community based, grassroots, where Revolutionary Nationalist formations were seeking the unity of all Chicanos, Latinos and inseparable Americans in the southwestern of the United States by the proponents of the views of the Party, but not by non Chicanos, Latinos and Native Americans.Lastly, the American Indian Movement is a Native American activist organization in the United States, founded in 1968 in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by urban Native Americans. It agenda focuses on spirituality, leadership and sovereignty and its members in 1968 are Dennis Banks, George Mitchell, Herb Powless, Clyde Bellecourt, Harold Goodsky, Eddie Benton-Banai, and a number of others in Minneapolis Native American community.The group was formed to address various issues concerning the Native American urban community in Minneapolis, including poverty housing, treaty issues and police harassment. In the decades since its founding, the movement had led protests advocating indigenous American interest, inspired cultural renewal, monitored police activity and coordinated employment programs in cities and rural reservation communities across the United States. In conclusion do not judge a book by its cover. separately race and ethnic group brings new learning experience to our lives. Each culture allows us to grow as human beings and this is what makes America a great nation.

Psychology and Divorce

mpact on Children * Divorce doesnt just affect the couple who are splitting children feel the impact, too. A disadvantage is the negative impact it will hand over on children. Researchers and psychologists accept that divorce can negatively affect toddlers and teenagers, according to the University of New Hampshire. Toddlers will often believe they are to blame for a divorce, term teenagers may feel pressured into siding with one parent. The results are that a child will grow up doubting his ability to marry and can erect depression because of the break-up of his family.Disadvantage Psychological Effect on Adults * An argument against divorce is its negative effect on a couples psychological health. Divorce has been rated the number one feel stressor, according to Arizona State University. Adults can suffer a negative psychological balance, including high levels of anxiety, unhappiness and depression. Your psychological and emotional well-being can, therefore, be poorly damaged by divorce, and it can affect the rest of your life. * Advantage Impact on Children * The impact of divorce on children has been stated previously as a disadvantage.However, there is an advantage to a childs parents splitting up. A child who experiences divorce may mature quicker and let out responsibility at a jr. age. If a childs father moves out and she has younger siblings, she may have to take on a co-parental role with her mother. This exposure will give her a find of responsibility that other areas of her life can benefit from. Also, children will benefit from divorce if there is a high level of conflict in their parents marriage. It is ill for children to be around parents who fight and criticize each other. Advantage Personal Growth *An advantage to divorce is the personal growth a person goes done after the event. Divorced individuals report higher levels of autonomy and personal growth than do married individuals, says Miami University professor of philosophy, Robin L . Graff-Reed, in her article, Positive Effects of nerve-wracking Life Events Psychological Growth Following Divorce. This is because divorced individuals have to become self-sufficient and cope with the pressures of everyday life by themselves. After divorce, individuals can develop the personal skills that can help them work towards a better quality of life for themselves and their children.

African Literature Essay

African literature is highly diversified, even though it shows some similarities. In fact, the common denominator of the cultures of the African continent is undoubtedly the oral tradition. Writing on black Africa started in the middle Ages with the instauration of the Arabic language and later, in the nineteenth atomic number 6 with introduction of the Latin alphabet. Since 1934, with the birth of the Negritude, African authors began to write in French or in English.Since the 1960s quantitative and qualitative changes could be observed in the cogitation of publication inboth Francoph one and only(a) and Anglophone states. The main objective of the present work is to give an overview of the origin and the role of griots in the African society, the different components of the oral tradition, and the major(ip) trends in the development of African literature. The study of the Negritude movement encompasses the historical context, the definition of the concept and its principal author s, ideological contradictions, the left wing of the Negritude, and the Theory of the African nature in Anglophone countries.The monographprovides as well current trends in the African literature after 1960 and the response of a panel of African authors. African literature, the body of handed-down oral and written literatures in Afro-Asiatic and African languages together with working written by Africans in European languages. Traditional written literature, which is limited to a small geographic area than is oral literature, is most characteristic of those sub-Saharan cultures that have participated in the cultures of the Mediterranean.In particular, there are written literatures in both Hausa and Arabic, createdby the scholars of what is now northern Nigeria, and the Somali people have produced a traditional written LITERATURE. THERE ARE ALSO WORKS WRITTEN IN GE EZ?(Ethiopic) and Amharic, two of the languages of Ethiopia, which is the one part of Africa where Christianity has b een practiced long enough to be considered traditional. Works written in European languages date primarily from the 20th century onward. The literature of South Africa in English and Afrikaans is also covered in a separate article, South African literature. African literature, literary works of the Africancontinent.African literature consists of a body of work in different languages and various genres, ranging from oral literature to literature written in colonial languages (French, Portuguese, and English). Love Song Flavien Ranaivo Dont love me, my sweet, the like your shadow for shadows fade at evening and I want to keep you right up to cockcrow nor like pepper which makes the belly hot for then I couldnt take you when Im hungry nor like a repose for wed be together in the hours of sleep but scarcely meet by day nor like ricefor once swallowed you think no more of it nor like soft speeches for they quickly vanish nor like honey, sweet indeed but too common.Love me like a beaut iful dream, your breeding in the night, my hope in the day like a piece of money, ever with me on earth, and for the great journey a faithful comrade like a calabash, intact, for drawing water in pieces, bridges for my guitar. Flavien Ranaivo (1914-1999) was a lyric poet influenced by Malagasy ballad and song form. He published three volumes of verse. He is one of the poets included in Africa My Africa

Gandhi the educator

Gandhi was a prolific writer. One of Gandhis earliest publications, Hind SwaraJ, publish in Gujarati in 1909, is recognisedby whom? as the talented blueprint of Indias freedom movement. The book was translated into English the next year, with a copyright legend that read No Rights reserved. 206 For decades he edited several newspapers including untouchable in Gujarati, in Hindoo and in the English language Indian Opinion while in conspiracy Africa and, Young India, in English, and NavaJivan, a Gujarati monthly, on his return to India.Later, Navaivan was likewise published in Hindi. In addition, he wrote letters al just about every day to individuals and newspapers. 207 Gandhi besides wrote several books including his autobiography, The Story of My Experiments with Truth (GuJarti acuu our-us-ed), of which he bought the entire first edition to make sure it was reprinted. 77 His other autobiographies included Satyagraha in South Africa close to his struggle there, Hind SwaraJ o r Indian Home Rule, a political pamphlet, and a paraphrase in Gujarati of John Ruskins Unto This Last. 208 This last essay can be considered his programme on economics. He also wrote extensively on vegetarianism, diet and health, religion, ocial reforms, etc. Gandhi usually wrote in Gujarat, though he also revised the Hindi and English translations of his books. 209 Gandhis complete formulates were published by the Indian regimen under the name The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi in the 1960s. The writings comprise most 50,000 pages published In more or less a hundred volumes.In 2000, a revised edition of the complete working sparked a controversy, as It constituted large numeral of errors and omissions. 210 The Indian government later withdrew the revised edition Concrete Definition to Alms, Goals and Objectives of Education If culture Is the rump of all growth and progress, then alms, goals and objectives are the four-spot Interconnected and most significant components that gives direction to raisingal outcomes through the curricular content, syllabus and evaluations.These four components are highly Influenced by four Interconnected foundation blocks namely, epistemology (the nature of knowledge), ships company/culture, the Individual, and learning theories (Zals, 1976). But since alms, goals, and objectives, collectively as a component of curriculum provide direction and focus for the ntire education programme, they are curiously small to these four fundamental forces. It was GandhlJl, who In 1937 first recognized the Interconnectedness of the eight curricular forces and questioned the futlllty of the British education system.Based on his wisdom and successful experiments with education In soutn ATrlca, ne put Tortn a Baslc toucatlon Plan which had the merit of achieving one aim of peace and freedom, for which all military man yearns today. Also, recognizing the futility of a centralized plan and fancy in implementing programmes, he also u tlined a comprehensive but decentralized mannequin to be enforced by the village Republics. The vital objective of his model was to develop productive and social skills among the masses.To the centre, remained the overall responsibilities of coordinating and guiding the work of the states so that national policies could modernize from the grassroots. The Basic Philosophy (a) True education is all-round(prenominal) development of the faculties, best attained through action. It bases itself on the fact that knowledge and understanding develop in resemblance to problems set right by action. discipline thrust on the mind only urdens the memory and causes intellectual indigestion, casting learning into oblivion. b) Education must be concrete and inter connected, not mulct or given in isolated sections. Concrete education allows the learner to manipulate problems or sets of problems and study their relationships, reputation and artistic sense. It allows the mind, heart, hand and e yes to work simultaneously in a correlated manner, resulting in a harmonious and well-balanced personality. (c) Education must be imparted in the childs mother tongue and organically connected with the childs Social and Cultural environment.Gandhi the EducatorGandhi was a prolific writer. One of Gandhis earliest publications, Hind Swaraj, published in Gujarati in 1909, is recognised as the intellectual blueprint of Indias freedom movement. The book was translated into English the next year, with a copyright legend that read No Rights Reserved. For decades he edited several newspapers including Harijan in Gujarati, in Hindi and in the English language Indian Opinion while in South Africa and, Young India, in English, and Navajivan, a Gujarati monthly, on his return to India.Later, Navajivan was also published in Hindi. In addition, he wrote letters almost every day to individuals and newspapers. Gandhi also wrote several books including his autobiography, The Story of My Experiments with Truth (Gujart ), of which he bought the entire first edition to make sure it was reprinted.His other autobiographies included Satyagraha in South Africa about his struggle there, Hind Swaraj or Indian Home Rule, a political pamphlet, and a paraphrase in Gujarati of John Ruskins Unto This Last. This last essay can be considered his programme on economics. He also wrote extensively on vegetarianism, diet and health, religion, social reforms, etc. Gandhi usually wrote in Gujarati, though he also revised the Hindi and English translations of his books.Gandhis complete works were published by the Indian government under the name The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi in the 1960s. The writings comprise about 50,000 pages published in about a hundred volumes. In 2000, a revised edition of the complete works sparked a controversy, as it constituted large number of errors and omissions. The Indian government later withdrew the revised edition Concrete Definition to Aims, Goals and Ob jectives of Education If education is the foundation of all growth and progress, then aims, goals and objectives are the four interconnected and most significant components that gives direction to educational outcomes through the curricular content, syllabus and evaluations.These four components are highly influenced by four interconnected foundation blocks namely, epistemology (the nature of knowledge), society/culture, the individual, and learning theories (Zais, 1976). But since aims,goals, and objectives, collectively as a component of curriculum provide direction and focus for the entire education programme, they are particularly sensitive to these four fundamental forces. It was Gandhiji, who in 1937 first recognized the interconnectedness of the eight curricular forces and questioned the futility of the British education system. Based on his wisdom and successful experiments with education in South Africa, he put forth a Basic Education Plan which had the merit of achieving o ne aim of peaceand freedom, for which all mankind yearns today.Also, recognizing the futility of a centralized plan and control in implementing programmes, he also outlined a comprehensive but decentralized model to be implemented by the village Republics. The vital objective of his model was to develop productive and social skills among the masses. To the centre, remained the overall responsibilities of coordinating and guiding the work of the states so that national policies could evolve from the grassroots.The Basic Philosophy(a) True education is all-round development of the faculties, best attained through action. It bases itself on the fact that knowledge and understanding develop in relation to problems set right by action. Information thrust on the mind only burdens the memory and causes intellectual indigestion, casting learning into oblivion.(b) Education must be concrete and inter connected, not abstract or given in isolated sections.Concrete education allows the learner to manipulate problems or sets of problems and study their relationships, character and artistic sense. It allows the mind, heart, hand and eyes to work simultaneously in a correlated manner, resulting in a harmonious and well-balanced personality.(c) Education must be imparted in the childs mother tongue and organically connected with the childs Social and Cultural environment.