Great Gatsby Essays (1465 words) - The Great Gatsby, Daisy Buchanan

Incredible Gatsby The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel around one man's embitterment with the American dream. In the story we get a brief look into the life of Jay Gatsby, a man who sought to accomplish a situation among the American rich to win the core of his genuine romance, Daisy Fay. Gatsby's ruin was in the truth that he couldn't establish that covered limit among the real world and dream in his life. The Great Gatsby is a firmly organized, emblematically compacted novel whose prevalent pictures and images fortify the possibility that Gatsby's fantasy exists on re-appropriated time. Fitzgerald entirely comprehended the insufficiency of Gatsby's sentimental perspective on riches. At a youthful age he met and fell in adoration with Ginevra King, a Chicago young lady who delighted in the riches and social position to which Fitzgerald was constantly drawn. In the wake of being dismissed by Ginevra in light of his lower social standing, Fitzgerald left away with a feeling of social insufficiency, a profound hurt, and an aching for the young lady past achievement. This failure developed into doubt and jealousy of the American rich and their way of life. These individual emotions are communicated in Gatsby. The rich represent the disappointment of a human advancement and the lifestyle and this blemish gets clear in the characters of Tom and Daisy Buchanan. Scratch Carraway, the storyteller of the story, immediately got baffled with the upper social class in the wake of having supper at their home on the stylish East Egg Island. Scratch is constrained reluctantly to watch the brutal difference between their chances what is inferred by the benevolent surface of their reality and the nasty underside which is it's world (Way 93). In the Buchanans, and in Nick's response to them, Fitzgerald gives us how totally the American high society has fizzled to turn into a gentry. The Buchanans speak to weakness, defilement, and the death of Gatsby's fantasy Gatsby, in contrast to Fitzgerald himself, never finds how he has been double-crossed by the class he has glorified for such a long time. For Gatsby, the disappointment of the rich has deplorable results. Gatsby's longing to accomplish his dream drives him to West Egg Island. He bought a house over the inlet from Daisy's home. There is a green light toward the finish of Daisy's dock that is noticeable around evening time from the windows and garden of Gatsby's home. This green light is one of the focal images of the novel. In section one, Nick watches Gatsby in the dull as he looks longingly over the straight with arms extended outward toward the green light. It gets clear, as the story advances that the entirety being of Gatsby exists just comparable to what the green light represents This first sight, that we have of Gatsby, is a formal scene that actually contains the significance of the finished book (Bewley 41). A more extensive meaning of the green light's importance is uncovered in Chapter 5, as Gatsby also, Daisy remain at one of the windows in his manor. If not for the fog we could see your home over the inlet, said Gatsby. You generally have a green light that consumes the entire night toward the finish of your dock. Daisy put her arm through his suddenly, however he appeared to be invested in what he had quite recently said. Perhaps it had happened to him that the goliath importance of that light had disappeared until the end of time. Contrasted with the significant stretch that had isolated him from Daisy it has appeared to be exceptionally close to her, practically contacting her. It had appeared to be so close as a star to the moon. Presently it was again a green light on a dock. His check of charmed articles has decreased by one (Fitzgerald 94). Gatsby had faith in the green light, it caused his fantasy to appear to be achievable. After gathering Daisy once more, following a five-year division, Gatsby finds that now and again accomplishing an ideal article can bring a feeling of misfortune as opposed to satisfaction. It is when Gatsby makes this revelation that the green light is no longer the focal picture of an extraordinary dream, however just a green light toward the finish of a dock. The most clear image in The Great Gatsby is a waste land called the Valley of Ashes, a dumping ground that lies among East and West Egg and New York City. Emblematically the green bosom of the new world (Fitzgerald 182) turns into this Valley of Ashes. As the deceptions of youth give route to the thwarted expectation of the thirties, so green expectations offer path to the residue of dissatisfaction. Unquestionably Gatsby's fantasies

McDonalds and Social Responsibility Free Essays

All organizations have a duty to the general population to guarantee that their items are not destructive in any manner.â Presently, America is confronting a national wellbeing emergency as the quantity of grown-ups and kids experiencing corpulence keep on rise.â Companies that give food to the open need to ensure their nourishments are nutritious and fit for human utilization. We will compose a custom exposition test on McDonalds and Social Responsibility or then again any comparable point just for you Request Now McDonalds was socially dependable in their activities to stop super-measuring food items.â McDonalds knows about the corpulence pestilence in America, and wiping out the curiously large food servings may help in some little way.â â â After all, McDonalds has been nicknamed the â€Å"calorie king,† (Good Business Deeds, 2004).â Moreover, Morgan Spurlock caused McDonalds to be compelled considerably progressively subsequent to making a narrative of his experience of eating just food from McDonalds for a month.â He â€Å"gained 25 pounds, his cholesterol level took off, and his liver became impaired,† (McDocumented †One Month of living on Only McDonalds Food, n.d.). Then again, is McDonalds to fault for the heftiness issues in America?â Hasn’t McDonalds consistently been socially responsible?â McDonalds has been doing business for a considerable length of time and has kept up long lasting clients and a large number of them are not obese.â McDonalds gives the vast majority of a similar food items that it has consistently given, including salads.â Is it their flaw that individuals decide to arrange a hamburger and French fries instead?â Maybe we have to take a gander at the moral obligation of consumers.â Society has changed, and a greater number of Americans lead an inactive way of life than in the past.â Becoming all the more truly dynamic unquestionably assumes a job in the weight emergency as much as our eating regimens. Why has McDonalds been singled out over the super-measuring issue?â Even comfort stores give super-sized delicate drinks.â McDonalds is socially capable, however people need to assume progressively close to home liability in eating a fair eating routine and working out. â€Å"In the 1990s, McDonalds spent over $3 billion dollars on reused products,† (Good Business Deeds, 2004).â This unmistakably exhibits McDonalds is putting forth an attempt to be socially responsible.â Not only for appear, but since of the estimations of the company.â â€Å"We pay attention to our responsibility to leading our business such that regards our general surroundings and the issues that issue most to you,† (McDonalds Corporation, 2004). In spite of the fact that they will no longer keep on excessively size, a few buyers will eat twice as a significant part of the customary size.â McDonalds isn't at fault for gluttony.â McDonalds is essentially offering a support that purchasers need, quick and helpful foods.â â That is the thing that cafés do.â They give the kinds of food that individuals need to eat.â If buyers didn’t appreciate the food at McDonalds they wouldn’t purchase it.â The issue with weight isn't a McDonalds issue. The issue is that an excessive number of Americans would prefer not to assume liability for their own decisions.  McDonalds has cafés everywhere throughout the world, remembering most nations for Asia.â However, a great many people in Asian nations are fit and trim.â McDonalds is presenting a similar food to them all things considered to Americans, yet they are not experiencing obesity.â May our concern is greed.â We are a materialistic culture and we stuff our mouths with food, our wardrobes with extreme garments, and our financial balances with cash. We never appear to have the option to fulfill our appetites.â So when McDonalds wiped out super-sized items we began eating twice as a significant part of the littler portions.â Whether or not an eatery serves huge or little segments, we will eat as much food as we need to eat.â The ‘food police’ can't control the amount anybody decides to eat.â And we will keep on putting on weight and experience the ill effects of poor health.â But this is the law of cause and effect.â Because we eat in abundance we are influencing our health.â Because we won't work out, our bodies will fizzle us.â It isn't dependent upon the administration to rebuff the organizations that make or give food.â It is dependent upon every individual to set aside the effort to design and eat balance and solid dinners. We eat at McDonalds in light of the fact that we need moment gratification.â Isn’t it quicker and simpler to get a burger in transit home from work, than to return home and great genuine food?â Isn’t it simpler to take diet pills than to go for a 30-minute stroll each day?â We have the alternative of settling on choices that are best for our health.â Unfortunately, the tragic truth is that a significant number of us are deciding to be large, and we are in denial.â Our wellbeing is our duty. References Great Business Deeds (2004).â Retrieved April 8, 2007 from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/business/july-dec04/corporate_12-23.html McDocument †One Month of Living on Only McDonalds Food (n.d.).â Retrieved April 8, 2007 from http://www.plastic.com/article.html;sid=04/01/28/07585282 McDonalds Corporation (2004).â Responsibility.â Retrieved April 8, 2007 from http://www.mcdonalds.com/corp/values/report/archive.RowPar.0001.ContentPar.0001.ContentPar0007.DownloadFiles.0001.File.tmp/CR_Report_(Revised).pdf     The most effective method to refer to McDonalds and Social Responsibility, Essay models

Blog Archive Friday Factoid See the World on an M-Trek at Michigan Ross

Blog Archive Friday Factoid See the World on an M-Trek at Michigan Ross For incoming first-year students at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business who want to get a head start on building friendships within their class or make use of some time off before school begins, the M-Trek program may be just the answer.  M-Treks, which were first offered in 1999, are small-group, multiday, outdoor adventure trips that take place before the academic year begins. Organized in locations around the world, the trips are entirely student led (by second-year MBA students) and are designed to provide a team-based environment similar to that found at Ross and to promote leadership in a team setting. M-Treks look to be as inclusive as possibleâ€"trips are available to suit a wide variety of interests and thus range from hard-core adventure to relaxing sightseeing excursions. 2015 treks included “Edward Fjord-y-Hands,” which featured hiking, kayaking, and mountain biking in Sweden and Norway, and “Best Friends Pho Ever,” where participants boarded a train and explored local food and culture in Vietnam. Among the treks taken in 2014 were “Bal-Kan You Handle This!?” (during which students hiked peaks in Montenegro and biked through the Lustica peninsula) and “Czech Yoself Before You Wreck Yoself” (an exploration of Vienna and Prague). Trips in 2013 featured “A Taste of Turkey,” “Alaskan (Mis)Adventures,” and “One in Brazillion.” During 2012’s “Hold Me Closer Thai-ny Dancer,” students visited Bangkok’s Floating Market, the rainforest in Krabi, and the beaches in Phuket. So, whether you are interested in hiking and rafting in Iceland or beaching and snorkeling in Mexico, M-Treks provide a chance to build friendships and develop leadership skills while having a great time. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Michigan Ross or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Michigan (Ross) Blog Archive Friday Factoid See the World on an M-Trek at Michigan Ross For incoming first-year students at the University of Michigans Ross School of Business who want to get a head start on building friendships within their class or make use of some time off before school starts, the M-Trek program may be just the answer.  M-Treks, which were first offered in 1999, are small-group, multiday, outdoor adventure trips that take place before the academic year begins. Organized in locations around the world, the trips are entirely student led (by second-year MBA students) and are designed to provide a team-based environment similar to that found at Ross and to promote leadership in a team setting. M-Treks look to be as inclusive as possibleâ€"trips are available to suit a wide variety of interests and thus range from hard-core adventure to relaxing sightseeing excursions. Trips in 2012 included “Hold Me Closer Thai-ny Dancer,” for which students visited Bangkok’s Floating Market, the rainforest in Krabi and the beaches in Phuket; “It’s Not the Greeks’ Default: We Are Here to Party,” which included visits to Athens and to the islands of Ios and Santorini; and a trip to Indonesia called “Balinesia: Eat, Play, Ross.” M-Treks in 2011 included “Diamonds Are Forever,” a trek through eight cities in North America to visit the oldest, most legendary ballparks as well as the new classic ones; “It Takes YOU to Tango,” which took participants throughout Argentina, from a bike tour of Buenos Aires to a cattle ranch to Iguassu Falls National Park; and “License to Kill” to Tanzania, where participants spent seven days scaling the fourth highest mountain in the world, and then enjoyed a two-day safari to Ngorongoro Crater, a UNESCO World Heritage site that has often been called “Africa Eden” because of the area’s incredible biodiv ersity. So, whether you are interested in hiking and rafting in Iceland or beaching and snorkeling in Mexico, M-Treks provide a chance to build friendships and develop leadership skills while having a great time. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Michigan Ross or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Michigan (Ross) Blog Archive Friday Factoid See the World on an M-Trek at Michigan Ross For incoming first-year students at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business who want to get a head start on building friendships within their class or make use of some time off before school begins, the M-Trek program may be just the answer.  M-Treks, which were first offered in 1999, are small-group, multiday, outdoor adventure trips that take place before the academic year begins. Organized in locations around the world, the trips are entirely student led (by second-year MBA students) and are designed to provide a team-based environment similar to that found at Ross and to promote leadership in a team setting. M-Treks look to be as inclusive as possibleâ€"trips are available to suit a wide variety of interests and thus range from hard-core adventure to relaxing sightseeing excursions. Treks taken in 2014 have included “Bal-Kan You Handle This!?” (during which students hiked peaks in Montenegro and biked through the Lustica peninsula) and “Czech Yoself Before You Wreck Yoself” (an exploration of Vienna and Prague). Trips in 2013 featured “A Taste of Turkey,” “Alaskan (Mis)Adventures,” and “One in Brazillion.” During 2012’s “Hold Me Closer Thai-ny Dancer,” students visited Bangkok’s Floating Market, the rainforest in Krabi and the beaches in Phuket. In 2011, one standout M-Trek was “Diamonds Are Forever,” a trip to eight cities in North America to visit the oldest, most legendary ballparks as well as the new classic ones, while another was “It Takes YOU to Tango,” which took participants throughout Argentina, from a bike tour of Buenos Aires to a cattle ranch to Iguassu Falls National Park. So, whether you are interested in hiking and rafting in Iceland or beaching and snorkeling in Mexico, M-Treks provide a chance to build friendships and develop leadership skills while having a great time. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Michigan Ross or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Michigan (Ross) Blog Archive Friday Factoid See the World on an M-Trek at Michigan Ross For incoming first-year students at the University of Michigans Ross School of Business who are looking to get a head start on building friendships within their class or wanting to make use of some time off before school starts, the M-Trek program may be just the answer.  M-Treks, which were first offered in 1999, are small-group, multiday, outdoor adventure trips that take place before the academic year begins. Organized in locations around the world, the trips are entirely student led (by second-year MBA students) and are designed to provide a team-based environment similar to that found at Ross and to promote leadership in a team setting. M-Treks look to be as inclusive as possibleâ€"trips are available to suit a wide variety of interests and thus range from hard-core adventure to relaxing sightseeing excursions. In fall 2011, ten first-year and four second-year students took an M-Trek to Alaska, while other students toured Argentina on the It Takes YOU to Tango M-Trek. Check out the Ross Ambassador blogs to view some amazing photos of these trips to  Alaska  and  Argentina. M-Treks completed in August 2012 included a visit to Thailand with Hold Me Closer Thai-ny Dancer, We Fell into the Ross Ring of Fire! in Indonesia, Homers Sicilian Odyssey to the Center of B-School Soul through Italy and many more. So, whether you are interested in hiking and rafting in Iceland or beaching and snorkeling in Mexico, M-Treks provide a chance to build friendships and develop leadership skills while having a great time. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Michigan Ross or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Michigan (Ross) Blog Archive Friday Factoid See the World on an M-Trek at Michigan Ross For incoming first-year students at the University of Michigan’s Ross School of Business who want to get a head start on building friendships within their class or make use of some time off before school begins, the M-Trek program may be just the answer.  M-Treks, which were first offered in 1999, are small-group, multiday, outdoor adventure trips that take place before the academic year begins. Organized in locations around the world, the trips are entirely student led (by second-year MBA students) and are designed to provide a team-based environment similar to that found at Ross and to promote leadership in a team setting. M-Treks look to be as inclusive as possibleâ€"trips are available to suit a wide variety of interests and thus range from hard-core adventure to relaxing sightseeing excursions. 2016 treks included “Not Your Basic Beaches,” during which participants explored private beaches and the countryside of France and Spain, and “Guate Get Down,” which took place in the historic areas of Belize and Guatemala. In 2015, treks ranged from “Edward Fjord-y-Hands,” which featured hiking, kayaking, and mountain biking in Sweden and Norway, to “Best Friends Pho Ever,” where participants boarded a train and explored local food and culture in Vietnam. Other treks in previous years included “Bal-Kan You Handle This!?” (during which students hiked peaks in Montenegro and biked through the Lustica peninsula), “Czech Yoself Before You Wreck Yoself” (an exploration of Vienna and Prague), and “A Taste of Turkey.” So, whether you are interested in hiking and rafting in Iceland or beaching and snorkeling in Mexico, M-Treks provide a chance to build friendships and develop leadership skills while having a great time. For more information on other defining characteristics of the MBA program at Michigan Ross or one of 15 other top business schools, please check out the  mbaMission Insider’s Guides. Share ThisTweet Friday Factoids University of Michigan (Ross)

Who is the Inventor of the Pizza

Ever wonder who invented pizza? Although people have been eating pizza-like foods for centuries, the food as we know it is less than 200 years old. And yet, from its roots in Italy, pizza has spread across the world and today is prepared dozens of different ways. The Origins of Pizza Food historians agree that pizza-like dishes (i.e. flatbreads with oils, spices, and other toppings) were eaten by many peoples in the Mediterranean, including the ancient Greeks and Egyptians. When writing a history of Rome in the third century BCE, Cato the Elder described pizza-like rounds of bread topped with olives and herbs. Virgil, writing 200 years later, described similar food in The Aeneid, and archaeologists excavating the ruins of Pompeii have found kitchens and cooking tools where these foods were produced before the city was buried by the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in 72 CE. Royal Inspiration By the mid-1800s, flatbreads topped with cheese and herbs were a common street food in Naples, Italy. In 1889, the Italian King Umberto I and Queen Margherita of Savoy visited the city. According to legend, the queen summoned Raffaele Esposito, owner of a restaurant called Pizzeria di Pietro e Basta Cosi, to bake some of these local treats. Esposito  allegedly created three variations, one of which was topped with mozzarella, basil, and tomatoes to represent the three colors of the Italian flag. It was this pizza that the queen liked best, and Esposito named it Pizza Margherita in her honor. The pizzeria still exists today, proudly displaying a letter of thanks from the queen, although some food historians question whether Esposito actually invented the kind of pizza he served to Queen Margherita. True or not, pizza is an integral part of Naples culinary history. In 2009, the European Union established standards for what can and cannot be labeled Neapolitan-style pizza. According to the  Associazione Verace Pizza Napoletana, an Italian  trade group dedicated to preserving Naples pizza heritage, a true Margherita pizza can only be topped with local San Marzano tomatoes, extra-virgin olive oil, buffalo mozzarella, and basil, and it must be baked in a wood-fired oven. Pizza in America Beginning in the late 19th century, large numbers of Italians began immigrating to the United States—and they brought their foods with them. Lombardis, the first pizzeria in North America, was opened in 1905 by Gennaro Lombardi on Spring Street in New York Citys Little Italy neighborhood. You can still dine there today. Pizza slowly spread through New York, New Jersey, and other areas with large Italian immigrant populations. Chicagos Pizzeria Uno, famous for its deep-dish pizzas, opened in 1943. But it wasnt until after World War II that pizza began to become popular with most Americans. Frozen pizza was invented in the 1950s by Minneapolis pizzeria owner Rose Totino; Pizza Hut opened its first restaurant in Wichita, Kansas in 1958; Little Ceasars followed a year later, and Dominos in 1960. Today, pizza is a big business in the U.S. and beyond. According to the trade magazine PMQ Pizza, the American pizza industry was worth a massive $45.73 billion in 2018. Worldwide, the market for this tasty food was $144.68 billion. Pizza Trivia Americans eat approximately 350 slices of pizza per second. Thirty-six percent of those pizza slices are pepperoni, making the cured meat the No. 1 choice of pizza toppings in the United States. In India, pickled ginger, minced mutton, and paneer cheese are the favorite toppings for pizza slices. In Japan, Mayo Jaga (a combination of mayonnaise, potato, and bacon), eel, and squid are the favorites. Green peas rock Brazilian pizza shops, and Russians love red herring pizza. Have you ever wondered who invented the circular piece of plastic that keeps the pizza from hitting the inside of the box top? The package saver for pizza and cakes was invented by Carmela Vitale of Dix Hills, New York, who filed for US patent No. 4,498,586 on February  10, 1983. Sources Amore, Katia. Pizza Margherita: History and Recipe. Italy Magazine. 14 March 2011Hynum, Rick. Pizza Power 2019 - A State of the Industry Report. PMQ Pizza Magazine. December 2018McConnell, Alika. 10 Fast Facts About the History of Pizza. TripSavvy.com. 16 January 2018Miller, Keith. Was Pizza Not Invented in Naples After All? The Telegraph. 12 February 2015Pizza – History and Legends of Pizza WhatsCookingAmerica.com. Accessed 6 March 2018

Manifest Destiny A True Sign Of Progress For The United...

Manifest Destiny, which commandeered American life during the 1830s and 1840s, seemed like a true sign of progress for the country as the United States by the end of the 1840s acquired all of the land it has now with the exception of Hawaii, Alaska, and several small pieces of land. These new territories included the Pacific Northwest - Oregon, Washington, Idaho, Wyoming, and Montana - and cessions from Mexico - California, New Mexico, Arizona, and Texas - not to mention the considered addition of Cuba in the Ostend Manifesto. As beneficial as this territorial expansion may have seemed, it reinvigorated sectional struggles over the question of slavery in territories and the country overall. These conflicts that would accumulate to become the Civil War included the underlying ideological distinctions between the two regions, new abolitionist movement, the Compromise of 1850, and the Kansas-Nebraska Act as the violence stemming from sectionalism would increase and the differences betwe en the North and South would become irreconcilable. The ultimate cause of all sectional conflicts in the mid-1800s was the ideological differences between the North and South that stemmed partially from economic differences as the notably more industrial North began to embrace both â€Å"free-soil† and â€Å"free-labor† ideology while the South with its stagnated agricultural economy and pro-slavery argument. The North had undergone the Market Revolution in the early 1800s to mid-1800s, yet the South wasShow MoreRelatedManifest Destiny Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesManifest Destiny Westward expansion was a key component that shaped the United States not only geographically, but economically as well. The first sign of any expansion West from the original states was when Thomas Jefferson bought the Louisiana Purchase from France in 1803. The country was in need of new land in order to accommodate for the expanding population. Once the country started to expand, its power soon followed. The nation had a struggle with expanding because of the Native AmericansRead MoreJeff Nichols s Take Shelter3124 Words   |  13 Pagesa dangerous external world- the sign warning of rising water levels at the beginning of Shotgun Stories, or the poisonous snakes and turbulent Mississippi river in Mud. Neither film, though, is so concerned with the existential threats to these imperfect, unassuming but somehow idyllic worlds as is Take Shelter. The film depicts an ordinary US American family, comprised of Curtis LaForche, his wife Samantha and daughter Hannah in the prototypical Midwestern state of Ohio. Curtis works hard at hisRead MoreHistory And Construction Of T.d Judah2040 Words   |  9 Pagessince Manifest Destiny arose as the Zeitgeist of the nineteenth century, Native Americans became merely a roadblock in the path of the â€Å"Anglo-American’s† progress. Native Americans were not recognized as U.S. citizens throughout the nineteenth century. The Fourteenth Amendment of the Constitution states, â€Å"All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the state wherein they reside.† The United States governmentRead MoreThe Transcontinental Railroad : The Greatest Achievements Of The Nineteenth Century2509 Words   |  11 Pagesmetaphorical gold mines and the American economy exploded as a result of this grea t feat. Despite its ability to unify the East and West coasts, however the First Transcontinental Railroad actually was not a blessing for all people living in the United States; the immigrants involved in the construction and the natives living in the area that it passed through were dramatically and negatively affected. 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The proto-Gospel of Gen 3:15 also putsRead MoreUt Unum Sint25504 Words   |  103 Pagesservice of humanity Approaching one another through the Word of God and through divine worship Appreciating the endowments present among other Christians The growth of communion Dialogue with the Churches of the East Resuming contacts Sister Churches Progress in dialogue Relations with the Ancient Churches of the East Dialogue with other Churches and Ecclesial Communities in the West Ecclesial relations Achievements of coop eration CHAPTER III - QUANTA EST NOBIS VIA? Continuing and deepening dialogueRead MoreControl Your Destiny or Someone Else Will10092 Words   |  41 Pagespublished by Doubleday Company. The statements below are key points of the book as determined by James Altfeld and have been made available at no charge to the user. Control Your Destiny or Someone Else Will (p.4) Workers who share their employer’s goals don’t need much supervision. †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Control your destiny, or someone else will. Face reality as it is, not as it was or as you wish it were. Be candid with everyone. Don’t manage, lead. Change before you have to. If you don’t have a competitiveRead MoreThe American Civil War : The United States8725 Words   |  35 PagesCivil War, known in the United States as simply the Civil War as well as by other sectional names, was a civil war fought from 1861 to 1865 to determine the survival of the Union or independence for the Confederacy. Of the 34 states that existed in January 1861, seven Southern slave states individually declared their secession from the United States and went on to form the Confederate States of America. The Confederacy, often simply called the South, grew to include eleven states, although they claimed

Analysis Philippians 3 12-21 - 1795 Words

I chose to write my paper on Philippians 3:12-21. Before writing this paper I was not entirely familiar with the reasons for Paul’s letters to the church of Philippi. It was an interesting study once I understood the background and reasoning for Paul’s writings. Paul writes a thank you letter to the Christians at Philippi for their contributions and support in his hour of need, and he uses the occasion to send along some instructions on Christian unity. Paul is also giving them an update on his circumstances. Most of Paul’s letter to the church of Philippi dealt with areas such as joy, rejoice, praise, thankfulness, and attitude. Background In this letter Apostle Paul showed how great his love was for the church of Philippi, showing his gratitude for their financial support to further the work of the ministry and to express his concern about their spiritual walk. His only thought was about advancing the cause of Christ and building the Philippians’ faith to continue their mission in spite of the persecution they were facing. Within their church many of the people were at odds and some were trying to hinder the spread of the Gospel. Because of this, Paul encourages the church of Philippi to stand fast, be of the same mind, rejoice in the Lord always but by prayer let your request be made known and the peace of God shall keep your hearts and minds through Christ Jesus (Philippians 4:1-7). The external and internal evidence for Paul to the author of Philippians is veryShow MoreRelatedThe Exemplary Hope, Obedience and Care of Paul and Timothy as They Imitate Christ: AN EXEGESIS OF PHILIPPIANS 2:19-241624 Words   |   7 Pageswrote to other churches, such as those at Galatia and Corinth (292). This proves to be the case in Philippians 2:19-24. In these six verses Paul is intending to communicate two main points: (1) He believes that Timothy is a respectable teacher of God’s word, and he wants the Philippian congregation to recognize this (Phil 2:22); (2) Paul intends for Timothy’s visit to be encouraging to the Philippian brethren, and for their encouragement to be reciprocated in himself. In writing this section ofRead MoreAn Interpretive Analysis Of Philippians 3:11 Essay1885 Words   |  8 PagesInterpretive Analysis Philippians 1:3-11 1. Structural Analysis Keeping with the basic structure form used by multiple times by Paul in his day, immediately after opening the letter (Giving his name and in this instance also Timothys, naming to whom the epistle was written for, a general greeting and thanksgiving)Paul gives a prayer for these believers while foreshadowing the themes that will be used later on in the epistle. Key Center: I thank my God every time I think of youÂ… (3) ParagraphRead MoreJames s Martyrdom As A Verifiable Origin For Information1892 Words   |  8 PagesJames, son of Joseph, brother of Jesus. While controversy continues regarding the authenticity of the inscription, the fact that such a find enthralled the religious world shows the historical importance attached to James, the brother of Jesus.† Mark 3:21-35 describes James before his transformation. It is here that he was at least doubtful, if not in disbelief, of Jesus and His ministry. Actually, â€Å"critical scholars almost always hold that James, the brother of Jesus, was a skeptical unbeliever duringRead MoreCritique On The Resurrection Of Christ : Theological Implications By Daniel B. Wallace Essay1478 Words   |  6 Pagespreaching. Dr. Wallace argues that the bodily resurrection of Jesus is an essential and central doctrine of the Christian faith. 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I will defineRead MoreThe Fulfillment of the Day of the Lord Essay5829 Words   |  24 Pages†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.5 The Day Of The Lord In The Old Testament: A Day for the Just†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. ..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.10 The Day of the Lord in the New Testament†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..11 ‘The Day’ Refers to the Judgment Seat Of Christ†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..12 Overcoming Controversy of the Day of the Lord .†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.15 Bibliography†¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.16 INTRODUCTION Although theology scholars, such as J. Bergman Kline, maintain thatRead MoreTrinitarian Doctrine : Christianity From Other Religions And Serves As A Barometer For Measuring Orthodox Faith2020 Words   |  9 Pagestoward the â€Å"other† an innate part of God’s nature and a pattern for the church to model. The incarnation is to Severson the ultimate example of how the church should relate to the lost in a noncoercive but persuasive, respectful, and compassionate manner.3 Lesslie Newbigin diagnoses the present missionary movement as exclusively interested in Christ and lacking the richness of trinitarian doctrine.4 This is dangerous, he writes, because â€Å"the mission of the church is to be understood, can only be rightly

Crack and Cocaine Powder Sentencing Disparities Essay Sample free essay sample

Adjunct Majority Leader Dick Durbin ( D-IL ) introduced the Fair Sentencing Act of 2009. a narrowly-tailored measure that would extinguish the condemning disparity between cleft and pulverization cocaine and increase punishments for the worst wrongdoers. This would reconstruct equity to our drug sentencing policy and focal point limited federal resources on violent drug sellers. It has been introduced to Congress to equalise the sentencing for cleft and cocaine drug discourtesies. It started with the Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1986. which at the clip was designed to sharply aim the addition in ace cocaine offense. Under the jurisprudence. those convicted of offenses affecting â€Å"crack† cocaine were punished on a 100-to-1 ratio compared to those whose offenses involve cocaine in pulverization signifier. Therefore. a individual who dealt five gms of cleft cocaine could confront 5 old ages in prison. but individual had to cover 500 gms of pulverization cocaine for a similar senten ce. Worse. as the old ages went on. We will write a custom essay sample on Crack and Cocaine Powder Sentencing Disparities Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page some studies indicated that first-time wrongdoers caught selling five gms of pulverization cocaine typically merely received 6 months in prison. and would frequently be eligible for probation. while first-time wrongdoer selling the same sum of cleft faced the mandatary five twelvemonth prison sentence. Another disparity was that the bulk of traders convicted for cleft cocaine discourtesies were Black. while most convicted for pulverization cocaine discourtesies were White. There are many policy grounds behind the push for the new jurisprudence – chiefly to turn to the racial disparities mentioned. but besides to refocus jurisprudence enforcement attempts on drug king-pins instead than street-level traders. The crack-powder disparity disproportionately affects African Americans. While African Americans are less than 30 per centum of cleft users. they are 82 per centum of those convicted of federal cleft discourtesies. Law enforcement experts say that crack-powder disparity undermines trust in our condemnable justness system. particularly in minority communities. The bipartizan United States Sentencing Commission has said that repairing the crack-powder disparity â€Å"would dramatically better the equity of the federal sentencing system. † Under The Fair Sentencing Act. it would extinguish the crack-powder disparity and set up the same sentences for cleft and pulverization cocaine. a 1:1 ratio. It would besides extinguish the compulsory mi nimal sentence for simple ownership of cleft cocaine. The lone compulsory minimal sentence for simple ownership of a drug would be by a first-time wrongdoer. And eventually it would significantly increase punishments for drug discourtesies affecting vulnerable victims. force and other worsening factors. Mentions: â€Å"The Fair Sentencing Act Corrects a Long-time Wrong in Cocaine Cases. † Editorial. The Washington Post 03 Aug. 2010. The Washington Post: National. World A ; D. C. Area News and Headlines – The Washington Post. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/08/02/AR2010080204360. hypertext markup language gt ; . â€Å"The Fair Sentencing Act of 2010. † FAMM Home Page. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. famm. org/FederalSentencing/USCongress/BillsinCongress/TheFairSentencingActof2010. aspx gt ; . WashingtonWatch. com – P. L. 111-220. The Fair Sentencing Act of 2009. † WashingtonWatch. com. Web. 06 Nov. 2011. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www. washingtonwatch. com/bills/show/111_SN_1789. html # toc0 gt ; .

Administrative Law Notes free essay sample

Please note that this is a draft. The material is under revision. ?This material has been prepared by John P. Sangwa and was initially part of a larger study undertaken by the author. The material is meant for students studying L341. The reproduction for any purpose whatsoever of this work or any part thereof in any form or manner is not allowed without the permission of the author. What is Administrative Law? Administrative law, as a subject, has defied definite and concrete definition. Most scholars have confined themselves to formulating working definitions within the context of their works. There is, however, agreement that administrative law is concerned with powers and procedures for the use of those powers by public officers and institutions responsible for the performance of the functions of the state. It includes, especially, the law governing judicial review of administrative actions. Administrative law is law that governs those who administer any part of governmental activities. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Law Notes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Administrative law is not the substantive law produced by the agencies, and it is not the substantive law created by the legislative bodies or courts and administered by the agencies; instead, administrative law is the law, which governs the powers and procedures of agencies. It includes procedural law created by the agencies but not the substantive law created by them, such as tax law, labour law, public utility law, transportation law, welfare law, town and country planning law, and the like. Administrative Law Distinguished from Constitutional Law There is a distinction between constitutional law and administrative law. Constitution law refers to the formal rules, in the case of Zambia, embodied in one single document referred to as the constitution, which establish the main institutions of the state, prescribe their powers, their relation with each other and their collective position vis-a-vis the citizens. Administrative law on the other hand focuses on the powers vested in these institutions and how they use them. For instance, the Banking and Financial Services Act, 1994, confers on the Bank of Zambia, the powers to regulate banking and regulated financial services and issue the necessary regulations from time to time. The Act itself and the regulations made pursuant thereto are not themselves of concern of administrative law. However, administrative law would touch on the authority of the Bank of Zambia to make regulations and upon the procedure employed in making them. Administrative law tends to focus on three aspects of administration: rule-making procedure, where the public institutions or officers are conferred powers to make rules, adjudicative procedure where there is power to make decisions and judicial review, which focuses on the power of the court to review decisions of public institution to ensure that they are intra-vires the empowering legal instruments, and to declare them ultra-vires, where they are not 2 The Scope and Administrative Law Administrative law is concerned with public authorities. It is concerned with the way power is acquired, where the public authorities get their powers from and the nature of those powers. It determines whether the exercise of a power subject to any particular procedure, or whether it must be exercised in any particular form. If so, it addresses the effect of failing to do so. It focuses on how to ensure that powers are used only for the purpose for which they are given and that they are used effectively and efficiently. Administrative law is concerned not only with power but also with liabilities both of authorities and of their employees. It is concerned with the bodies, which exercise these powers central government departments, public corporations, local authorities and other institutions. The role of the courts, as independent institutions, in providing some checks on the exercise of public powers is the concern of administrative law. The courts are concerned with the legality of the administrative actions. Administrative law must be seen as an instrument of control of the exercise of administrative powers. Administrative law, like any other branch of law is not an end in itself but means of getting things done by creating through the legal process, institutions, and granting them powers and imposing on them duties. The decision maker is subject to the law, but at the same time, he sees the law as something to use to achieve some end which society has chosen. Administrative law is a concern of a lawyer as much as for the public officers. There is need for public power, but there is also need for protection against its abuse. Administrative law attempts to address the age-old problem of abuse of power. Administrative law as discussed in this course is limited to law concerning powers, procedures, and judicial review. It does not include the enormous mass of substantive law produced by the various agencies. Although public institutions are created by statutes, by executive order authorised by statute, and by constitutional provisions, and although their principal powers and functions are normally defined by the instruments, which create them, the great bulk of administrative law is judge-made law. Some of the judge-made law either is or purports to be founded on constitutional or statutory interpretation. However, other judge-made law is made sometimes without reliance on either constitutional or statutory provisions. 3 SOURCES OF ADMINISTRATIVE LAW Introduction By sources we mean where one can look for answer whenever and administrative law issue arises. Administrative law is wherever law is. It is founded on the Constitution. It is in the statutes and in any form of statutory instrument. Administrative law is also in the form of common law made by the courts and in the form of procedural rules made by administrative agencies themselves. Constitution The entire Zambian Constitution is in a way a source of administrative law. It is a limitation on government. It creates various organs of government and prescribes what they may or may not do and how they can do what they are empowered to do. For instance, Article 30 of the Constitution confers power upon the President to declare, after consultations with Cabinet, that a state of public emergency exists in Zambia. The said provision puts a limitation on the exercise of this power by the President. The President can declare a state of emergency only after he has consulted with Cabinet. Failure to do so may render such a declaration null and void. Whether or not there has been compliance with the provisions of the constitution or whether the power has been exercised for the intended purposes is the concern of administrative law. Statutes Very often statutes, which create public institutions, prescribe their powers and how they are to be exercised. It is the concern of administrative law to ensure that such powers are used for the realisation of the policy objectives on which in the statute is founded and not any other goals. Common Law The common law is creation of the courts. Following the concept of staredecisis, courts will decide a case today in the same way they decided in other cases in the past if comparable factual situations are involves. There is therefore a huge volume of guidelines on how the courts will decide a given case and this collection of clues is called common law. Common law prevails on a point of law so long as there is no statute, regulation, or constitutional provision, which contradicts it. Judicial interpretations of statutes, regulations, and constitutional provisions are part of the common law. Much of the administrative law principles are in the form of common law. Formal laws do not regulate every aspect of administrative authority. For instance, the idea that no one should be punished unheard is law, which has been embraced by the courts as one of the common law principles. 4 Much of what is administrative based on the constitution is in fact common law. The Constitution is brief and at times vague. It is therefore, interpreted by the courts. It is in sense good that the Constitution is sometimes vague. This enables the each generation to interpreter it to accommodate social, political and other changes Administrative Instruments Some of the instruments with the force of law, which regulate public institutions, are made by the institutions themselves. This kind of law is imposed on the institutions by the public institutions themselves. It is often in response to public pressure and public expectations exerted in different ways throughout the political process. For instance, the Industrial and Labour Relations Act has created the Industrial Relations Court. In order to ensure that people have access to the Court and receive fair hearing the Court has set its own rules, binding on itself and parties to the dispute, who have moved the Court. The rules, which the public institutions impose upon themselves, are often found in the same statute along with other rules and regulations made by the institutions. For instance, in 1996, the President issued a directive that housing units owned by the government and local authorities be sold to sitting tenants. A circular to that effect was issued by Cabinet govern this exercise. Any dispute in this regard has been resolved by referring to this circular. As for the units owned by local authorities, the Ministry of Local Government and Housing issued a similar circular. The first phase began from the moment British influence was established in the territory, which became known as Northern Rhodesia. The second phase, began long after the first phase had been properly grounded, focuses on judicial review; and the dominant part of judicial review is constitutional and statutory interpretation. Whereas other Western countries have already gone through the third phase, which focuses on procedures for formal adjudication and formal rule making, Zambia is just embarking on this phase. 9The value of such an approach is ably illustrated by Gordon R. Woodman, â€Å"Constitutions in a World of Powerful Semi-Autonomous Social Fields†, Third World Legal Studies 1989, 120. He observes at pp. 2-3. : Although the skills of a lawyer are useful in the study of non-state laws, an adequate appreciation requires some revision of the traditional approach of students of state law. It is necessary to discard the concepts and axioms induced by the tendency of state laws to deny the legitimacy of other laws. An effective state constitutional order takes account of the social realities which affect its objects and functioning. In Africa, where the relative unimportance of state law is at least as marked as anywhere else, other social orderings cannot realistically be overlooked. 39 The Development of Administrative Structures Zambia is a product of greed and conquest by the powerful, and of the weak seeking a haven for peace and security. The dispersal from the north, which involved the Lozi, Bemba, Lunda and other tribes, was largely precipitated by smaller chieftaincies seeking independence. However, the migration of the Ngoni and the Kololo from the south was for the search of a sanctuary. The coming of Europeans brought another dimension to the history of Territory. Their conquest of the Territory was for economic reasons: to find raw materials to keep the wheels of the factories in Europe turning and good land to settle the landless people of Europe. The realisation of the economic objective was possible only if both internal and external threats to British presence in the area were taken care of. The internal threats were addressed through the power of the pen, like in the case of the Litunga of Barotseland, and through the power of the sword as against the Ngoni. The motivating force was the greed of the private entrepreneurs. The role of the Imperial Government was merely that of protecting the interests of its citizens when threatened by another imperial power or forces within the Territory. The history of Northern Rhodesia is also a history of two competing cultures, one claiming superiority over the other. The Europeans came with new ideas about social formations. All the existing tribal groupings were broken down and made part of one heterogeneous society curved out of the entire continent without regard to history, customs and origins. The impact of Western colonial rule is still indelibly imprinted in Zambia decades after independence. As Europeans moved into the non-Western world, north of the Zambezi, as traders, merchants, missionaries and adventurers, they carried with them expectations that all societies should be properly organised as states possessing attributes of sovereignty and adhering to rule of law. 0 This was not the case in the area, which became known as Northern Rhodesia. After the establishment of settlements, Europeans insisted that human relations, and more particularly the management of disputes, should fall under explicit and universally based laws. 21 To make life much more amiable 20Lucian W. Pye, â€Å"Law and the Dilemma of Stability and Change in the Modernization Process,† Vanderbilt Law Review 17 (1963), 24-25. 21Ibid. 40 they started building the state structures. The administrative structures, which emerged, made up the constitutional structures for the Territory. 2 The Making of Northern Rhodesia As a geographical unit, Zambia was created through the initiative of Britain during the partition of Africa. Following the examples of other European powers at the time in staking claims to large territories in the Africa, Britain was keen to extend sovereignty north of South Africa. Little effort was necessary to persuade the Crown to grant John Cecil Rhodes, at his request, a Charter incorporating the British South Africa Company, which was to pursue British interests in the area. This Charter was granted in 1889. The Charter empowered the Company to acquire territories through concessions, agreements and treaties by or with indigenous rulers and administer it without any financial assistance from the British Government. The Company’s field of operation was defined to be the territory north of the Crown colony of British Bechuanaland and of the Transvaal and west of the Portuguese possessions in East Africa. Rhodes sent agents to conclude treaties with local rulers. Through such treaties and conquests of the more militant tribes, Rhodes effectively asserted his, and ultimately British presence. It now remained for Britain to secure the agreements of other European powers in accordance with the terms of the Berlin conference of 1884 1885. This was done through a series of treaties, which collectively determined the present border of Zambia. The name â€Å"Rhodesia† was first used to refer to the territories (obtained by Rhodes) in 1895. It was officially approved in 1897, by the British Government. In 1895, due to its vastness the territory was, administratively, divided by the BSA Company into two: North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia. Both of them were being administered by the Company under the supervision of the British High Commissioners in South Africa and Nysaland respectively. At the time, a few outposts of administration were being established in the sparsely populated territories. In 1899 and 1900, two very important Orders in council were promulgated. The Orders, the Barotse North-Western Rhodesia Order in council and the North-Eastern Rhodesia Order in council, clarified the provisions relating to 22See H. F. Morris and J. S. Read, Indirect Rule and the Search for justice, (1972), 287, quoted n Filip Reyjents, Authoritarianism in Francophone Africa from the Colonial to the Post Colonial State, Third World legal Studies 1988, p. 59. 41 the administration of the two territories to which they referred and also established the territories as â€Å"colonial protectorates†. Under the North-Eastern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1900 North Eastern Rhodesia was to be administered by an ‘administratorâ €™, appointed by the Company with the approval of the Secretary of State for Colonies. The administrator was empowered to make regulations for the administration of justice, the raising of revenue and generally for â€Å" he peace order and good government†. These regulations had to be approved by Her Majesty’s Commissioner for the British Central African Protectorate (Nyasaland now Malawi) and could be disallowed by the Secretary of State. The Commissioner himself could initiate legislation termed â€Å"Queen’s Regulations†. Under the North-Western Rhodesia Order in Council, 1899, the British Government retained firmer control in North-Western Rhodesia through the High Commissioner in South Africa because of the unresolved issue of the western border of the territory with the Portuguese territory of Angola. The issue was not resolved until 1905. The High Commissioner had the power to legislate by proclamation. The Company had administrative powers, which were exercise through an administrator. Developments in the two areas indicated that they would best be administered as one territory. In 1911, Barotse North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia were merged to form Northern Rhodesia. The Company retained its administrative authority in the new territory. It was empowered to appoint an administrator for the territory, subject to the approval of the Secretary of State. The legislative authority, which was to be exercised by proclamations, remained in the High Commissioner in South Africa. This arrangements prevailed until 1924 when company rule was terminated. Administration of Justice (a) Developments Under Company Rule: The major concern of the settlers was to establish structures for the settlement of disputes. Amongst the first institutions to be established in the territory were the courts. The major task of the Company was to establish the basic instruments of government administration. The judicial functions of the government were undeveloped. Nonetheless, the legislative framework for the establishment of courts was already in existence. The Africa Order in Council of 1889, provided that every person holding Her Majesty’s Commission as a Consul-General should, if so authorised by the Secretary of State, form a consular court. This Order in Council even provided a code for criminal and civil procedure. In the event, it was not found 42 necessary to establish any consular courts as reliance was placed upon the second method of establishing courts: the Charter of the British South Africa Company itself. One of the fundamental principles which was to be respected in the administration of justice was the need to differentiate between the indigenous people and the immigrants. Section 14 of the Charter directed the Company to have â€Å"careful regard† to the laws and customs of the local tribes. Thus, the courts which were established were limited in their jurisdictions to give effect to this principle. Between 1899 and 1909, two hierarchies of courts were established in Barotse North-Western Rhodesia and North-Eastern Rhodesia. Each consisted of a High Court, Magistrates’ courts, the Administrators Court and Native Commissioners Courts. The High Courts were courts of unlimited jurisdiction and administered English law and local enactment, except in civil cases between Africans, when they were required to administer African customary law. The Administrators Courts also had similar jurisdiction as the High Court. They were introduced to enable the Administrators of the territories to have a role in the administration of justice. The Magistrates’ Courts were courts of first instance with limited jurisdiction. They were mainly concerned with adjudicating over disputes between white settlers and with administering criminal law. The law administered in these courts was English law. The Native Commissioners courts were established in order to administer African customary law between natives. All the judges and the members of the other courts were nominated by the Company but appointed by the British High Commissioner in South Africa. They were amenable to dismissal as well. Although existing African traditional courts were not officially recognised, some limited protection was extended to customary law. First by the Barotse North-Western Rhodesia Order 1899 and later by the North-Eastern Rhodesia Order 1900, which for the first time invoked the repugnancy clause. This clause provided that customary law be to be administered so far it was not â€Å"repugnant to natural justice or morality† or to any statutory law. Two systems of courts were established in each of the two territories by 1909. One system administered English law and statutory law between Europeans in civil cases. It also administered English penal law for all the inhabitants of the territory. The other system administered African customary law in civil cases between Africans. In 1911, when it was decided to combine North-Western Rhodesia and NorthEastern Rhodesia into a single country, it also became necessary to re-organise 3 the judicial system. However, as there also existed two well-established judicial systems, few changes were necessary beyond merging the two systems into one. There emerged a High Court of unlimited original and appellate jurisdiction, magistrates’ courts and native commissioners’ courts. The Administrator’s court was abolished. High Court judges were henceforth appointed by the Secretary of State in Britain. The officers in lower courts were appointed by the Company. Between 1911 and 1924, only minor changes effected to the judicial system and none of these affected the judicial system or its basic structure. b) Developments During Direct British Administration: During the early part of the 1920’s it became apparent, Northern Rhodesia was becoming too costly and complicated a territory to be administered by a company. In 1924, the company relinquished its powers in favour of direct British rule. The 1911 Northern Rhodesia Order was revoked and in its place was promulgated the Northern Rhodesia Order in Council, 1924 and the Northern Rhodesia (Legislative Council) Order in Council, 1924, and the Royal Instructions to the Governor of 1924. These three documents together constituted the basic constitutional instruments of Northern Rhodesia. The Northern Rhodesia Order established the office of Governor, to represent the Crown. He was assisted by an executive council, the members of which were appointed by the Crown and served at his pleasure. In accordance with the â€Å"colonial protectorate† status of the territory, constituent power remained in the Crown and was exercised through Orders in Council made under the Foreign Jurisdictions Acts of 1890 and 1913. However, for the purpose of enacting laws to facilitate the administration of the country, a legislative council, dominated by (appointed) officials, was established. This council exercised its legislative power through the enactment of ordinances. The change from company rule to direct British rule did not necessitate radical changes to the judicial system. The changes made merely reflected change-over to colonial rule. The power to determine the number of judges and magistrates in the country and to appoint them subject, in the case of judges, to such instructions as the Crown might give was vested in the Governor. There were also provisions permitting appeals from the High Court to the Privy Council. In 1938, it was decided to establish a court of appeal for the three British colonies in central Africa, comparable to the East African Court of Appeal and Court of Appeal for West Africa. This Court was called the Court of Appeal 44 for Rhodesia and Nyasaland. The court was established under Ordinance No. 35 of 1938. It became the highest court for the three territories in criminal cases but provisions were included for further appeals to the Privy Council in civil cases. Meanwhile, the important issue of how best to administer the affairs of Africans was receiving much attention. It was decided soon after the assumption of direct British administration to extend the famous principles of indirect rule, to the territory. This principle, which had already been applied in other British colonies, entailed the use of existing African institutions to effect colonial rule, thereby minimizing both the antagonism of the people and expenditure. Indirect rule was implemented in Northern Rhodesia by establishing native authorities and recognising native courts. Native authorities were established in all areas of the territory nd were vested with minimal local government powers such as taxation and policing. Native courts were first recognised by statute in 1929, with the enactment of the Native Courts Ordinance. Under this ordinance, the Governor was empowered to constitute any â€Å"chief, headman, elder or council of elders† in any area into a native court. This did not, however, prevent the exercise of judicial powers by those who already did so in their own com munities. The Native Courts established under this Ordinance were separate from the rest of the judiciary: the High Court and the magistrates courts. No appeals lay from the Native Courts to the Magistrates’ Court or to the High Court. Nevertheless, there were already in existence some Native Commissioner’s Courts. These assumed the role of appellate courts in relation to the Native Courts. Native courts were only empowered to administer customary law and to adjudicate over civil cases in which the parties included Africans. In 1936, it was deemed necessary to clarify the status and jurisdictional limitation of native courts. This was done by the enactment of the Native Courts Ordinance 1936 and the Barotse Native Courts Ordinance 1936. Apart from these changes, which enabled the Government to establish a number of native courts covering the whole territory, this system of administering justice remained in force until 1966. (c) Developments During the Federation of Rhodesia and Nysaland: Even before the Second World War, two issues were to dominate Northern Rhodesian politics and determine its constitutional development: the demand by African nationalists for majority rule and/or self-determination and the campaign by white settlers for closer association or amalgamation with 45 Southern Rhodesia. As early as 1929, the Hilton Young Commission advised that: In the present state of communications the main interests of Nyasaland and Northern Rhodesia, economic and political, lie not in association with the eastern African territories, but rather with the self-governing colony of Southern Rhodesia. In 1938, the Bledisloe Commission was appointed to â€Å"explore the feasibility of closer association between the two Rhodesias and Nyasaland. † The Commission also endorsed the idea of closer association between the three territories, but did not recommend immediate steps in that irection. Nonetheless, consultations continued between white politicians in Northern Rhodesia and Southern Rhodesia and the British Government. Finally, at a conference held at Victoria Falls, in Northern Rhodesia, in 1951, a firm decision was arrived at recommending to the British Government the establishment of a federation in Central Africa. This recommendation was accepted. The Federation of Rhodes ia and Nyasaland Act, enacted by the British Parliament in 1953, authorised the Queen to establish such a federation. In the same year, the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (Constitution) Order in Council joined the three territories to form the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland. Under the federal scheme, the three territories retained their respective statuses: Northern Rhodesia and Nyasaland remained protectorates, while Southern Rhodesia remained a colony. The Constitution provided for the office of a Governor-General, appointed by the Crown. He was the personal representative of the Crown. The Constitution also established a federal legislature of thirty-five members. This body had legislative power over certain matters exclusive of the territorial legislatures (the federal legislative list) and powers to legislate over other matters concurrently with the territorial legislatures. The establishment of the Federation had one important effect upon the judicial system of Zambia. The Federal Constitution established a Federal Supreme Court. The Court consisted of the Chief Justice, appointed by the Governor-General and between two and six judges, who were to include the Chief Justices of the three territories. Under Article 53 of the Constitution, the Supreme Court had exclusive jurisdiction over matters relating to the interpretation of the Constitution and matters in which the Federal Government was a party. The Supreme Court also had appellate jurisdiction from the High Courts of the three territories. Article 61 provided for appeals from the Supreme Court to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. 46 The idea of establishing the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland was not supported by all the sectors of the population. The Africans of Northern Rhodesia, in particular, had vehemently opposed any form of association with Southern Rhodesia. Instead, they had campaigned for reforms to the electoral law to introduce universal adult suffrage. As African political parties were formed Africans began to demand self-government and independence from British rule. The decade 1953 to 1963 was volatile in Northern Rhodesia. The many factors of that era culminated in a general election, based on one man one vote, in 1962, which was won by the United National Independence Party, led by Kenneth Kaunda. He formed a coalition government with the African National Congress in 1963. The Federation was dissolved in that year. In 1964, under yet another constitution, fresh elections were held which were won outright by the United National Independence Party. This Party formed the first Government when Northern Rhodesia was granted independence in October 1964. (d) Developments After Independence: The new constitution provided for a popularly elected executive President who was also the Head of State. It also provided for a Vice-President and a cabinet appointed from among the members of the National Assembly. The legislative power was vested in a Parliament consisting of the President and single chamber National Assembly. The Assembly consisted of seventy-five elected members, not more than five nominated members nominated by the President and a Speaker. The legislative power was exercised through Bills passed by the National Assembly and assented to by the President. Enactments were termed â€Å"Acts of Parliament†. Quite expectedly, independence brought about some changes in the judicial system of Zambia. The dissolution of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland ended the Federal Supreme Court. Within Zambia, the January 1964 Constitution established a Court of Appeal with unlimited appellate jurisdiction. The Independence Constitution also provided for a Court of Appeal consisting the Chief Justice, one Justice of Appeal and other puisne judges. The Constitution also empowered the President to declare that the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council should be an appeal court for the Republic. The President never exercised this power and the provision was not repeated in the 1973 Constitution. The Independence Constitution created a Judicial Service Commission under the chairmanship of the Chief Justice. The Constitution conferred advisory and executive functions over appointments to judicial offices upon the 7 commission. The provisions relating to the Judicial Service Commission were substantially retained under the 1973 constitution. The subordinate courts were retained by and large in their old form even after independence. Various aspects of the Subordinate Courts had undergone changes since the enactment of the Subordinate Courts Act in 1934. The changes related mostly to jurisdi ction and other related matters, and did not affect the basic structure and status of these courts. After 1964, the notable change was in the manner of appointing magistrates. They were to be appointed by the Judicial Service Commission. Some radical changes were made at the level of the Native Courts. The general feeling at the time was that Native Courts had to be integrated in the judiciary. The first step came in the form of provision that appointments of the Native Courts’ presiding justices were henceforth to be made by the Judicial Service Commission. Meanwhile, initiatives were underway for the enactment of a new statute to provide for Native Courts. The Local Courts Act was enacted in 1966. It repealed the Native Courts Ordinance and the Barotse Native Courts Ordinance. It constituted Local Courts in place of Native Courts. It provided for appeals from Local Courts to Magistrates’ Courts. The 1966 Local Courts Act was aimed at integrating the Local Courts into the judiciary to produce one hierarchy of courts instead of two. The introduction of the one-party system did not bring about major changes in the judicial system of Zambia. It did, however, bring about one important change. The Court of Appeal was abolished and in its place, a Supreme Court was established. Very little has changed in the judiciary even after the introduction of the Constitution of 1991. The same is true even after the enactment of the Constitution amendment Act No. 18 of 1996. Before concluding this part, it is important to summarise the judicial system in place today. The Supreme Court of Zambia, established under Article 91 of the Constitution is the highest court in the country. It is a court of unlimited appellate jurisdiction. It consists of the Chief Justice, the Deputy Chief Justice and seven appeal judges or such greater number as may be prescribed in an Act of Parliament. The High Court of Zambia is the second highest court. It is a court of unlimited original and appellate jurisdiction, except for matters specifically reserved for the Industrial and Labour Relations Court and has original jurisdiction over all civil and criminal matters. The High Court consists of the Chief Justice (ex-officio) and such number of puisne judges as may be determined in an Act of Parliament. The High Court also has supervisory powers over all proceedings in all the courts subordinate to it. 48 The Constitutional Amendment Act No. 18 of 1996 has introduced an interesting development in the number of courts for the Republic. The Industrial Relations, which was from its inception a tribunal is now, became part of the Judicature of Zambia. The real benefits of this change are hard to see, but the most immediate problem has been confusion between the powers of the High Court and that of the Industrial Relations. Furthermore, whereas the role of the Industrial Relations Court is to do substantial justice, there is a steady departure from this guiding principle. The Industrial Relations Court has become more and more legalistic in its determination of cases although, as an institution, is it ill-equipped for this role. Cases are determined not on the basis of the facts of the case or in order to do substantial justice, but because there are legal precedents to that effect especially those from the Supreme Court. The other courts down the hierarchy are the subordinate courts. These are provided for under the Subordinate Courts Act. They are presided over by magistrates. Both the courts and the magistrates are divided into classes, and the relationship of the various classes of magistrates to the various classes of subordinate courts is clearly stated by Section 3 of the Act. There shall be and are hereby constituted courts subordinate to the High Court in each district as follows: (i) A Subordinate Court of the first class to be presided over by a Senior Resident magistrate, Resident Magistrate or a magistrate of the first class; (ii) a Subordinate Court of the second class to be presided over by a magistrate of the second class; (iii)a Subordinate Court of the third class to be presided over by a magistrate of the third class. The jurisdiction of each subordinate court is limited both territorially and substantively on a graduating scale depending on the class of the court and the magistrate. Subordinate courts also have appellate jurisdiction to hear appeals from local courts. Finally, at the bottom of the hierarchy of courts are the Local Courts, established under the Local Courts Act 1966. They are presided over by Local Court presidents. Their jurisdiction is limited both territorially and in terms of the substantive law. With regard to the latter, the statute provides that they may only administer African customary law and such other statutory laws as may be explicitly extended to them.

What role did women play in WWII essays

What role did women play in WWII essays Women played an important role in helping the United States come home with a victory. World War II created a surplus of positions that the women needed to fill when their fathers, husbands, brothers, or sons left to serve their country. Maureen Honey, author of Creating Rosie the Riveter, discusses the role that propaganda played in mobilizing women during the wartime efforts.1 In the book, G.I. Nightingales, Barbara Brooks Tomblin portrays the role that women played as nurses during World War II.2 The third book, American Women in World War II by Doris Weatherford, accounts for the diverse roles that women participated in, such as in industry, home front, and military.3 These three books depict the roles of women during World War II and examine the effects of World War II on their lives. Maureen Honey, the author of Creating Rosie the Riveter, earned her bachelors, masters, and PhD at Michigan State University. Her professional areas of specialty include the early twentieth-century American women writers, especially Harlem Renaissance, women in World War II, and popular culture. As a professor of womens studies and English at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Honey regularly teaches courses such as Images of Women in Popular Culture, Twentieth-century Women Writers, Seminars in Edith Wharton, and Diverse Women Writers 1900-1930. Honey continues to do work on women in World War II by working with some New York documentary makers on women war correspondents from that time period. Honey published an essay on feminine magazine fiction from the 1920s in a volume called Forgotten Feminisms in 2003. Honey recently published Bitter-Fruit: African American Women in World War II.4 Maureen Honeys long list of published pieces provides her with some credibility in her w ork on World War II because she has published several books that focus on women. This could also present some biases because Honey primarily foc...

Spike Lee's Malcolm X Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Spike Lee's Malcolm X - Essay Example Moreover, his life related events that comprise different aspects from his event filled life was going to get captivated within the framework of the reel life at a magnitude not witnessed by the audiences of Lee ever before. Within the insightful book Spike Lee: Interviews edited by Cynthia Fuchs in an article entitled â€Å"Our Film is Only a Starting Point: An Interview with Spike Lee† by Gary Crowdus and Dan Georgakas, Lee explained his theme behind making a film on the life of Malcolm X, â€Å"Lee explains his primary desire to introduce Malcolm X to young viewers and his awareness that the time limits of even a nearly three and a half hour movie prevented him from producing anything more than a ‘primer’ on one of the America’s most charismatic black leaders † (Fuchs 65). With the level of severe intensity and depth, Lee made a film on the life of a man whose real life events provided the director with enough prudent aspects to frame a complete m otion picture. Thesis Statement The essay intends to depict an introspection based analysis of the film Malcolm X in order to comprehend the inherent themes and the socio-political and religious messages that were meant to be provided by this bio-picture. Malcolm X: Introspection Malcolm X was a movie which included a number of famous personalities such as actors Denzel Washington as Malcolm X and Angela Bassett, Al Freeman, Jr., Albert Hall, and Delroy Lindo. Lee also appears on screen and plays a very small role in supporting as Shorty who is observed to be a real-life associate of Malcolm X. Shorty Jarvis is actually a criminal who has spent time working with Malcolm and is at the same time a jazz trumpeter. It is noteworthy to mention that characters important in the real life of Malcolm X such as Bobby Seale who was the co-establisher of the Black Panther Party, Al Sharpton the Reverent and the future president of South Africa Nelson Mandela, have virtual presence within the pl ot of the film. However, they do not make any cameo appearances. There are vivid hues, sounds and fury which represent the life of the great leader. It was quite hard on the part of the directorial crew to transcript all those events inherent in the real life of Malcolm X to get depicted in the reel phenomena in the course of making the film. The screenplay of Malcolm X, which was a collaborative effort on the part of Spike Lee and Arnold Perl, was drawn mostly from the life events of Malcolm X. These events were mentioned in the book written by Alex Haley and entitled The Autobiography of Malcolm X. The reason behind taking most of the references from this book is that Haley had begun to write this book during 1963. He eventually completed the book following the death of Malcolm X. However, while initiating the project he directly collaborated with Malcolm X himself to write the course of events and facts which constituted the life of the great leader. Furthemore, the book is compr ehensive and very cohesive in nature apart from being one of the most authentic ones because it ponders on the complete course of events which constitute Malcolm X’s life. The film possesses definite contents which are quite significant in terms of both cultural and historical aspects. At the same time, Malcolm X by Spike Lee is not a narrative on reels as it definitely has a strong aesthetic

Residual RFIDs - are these a threat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Residual RFIDs - are these a threat - Essay Example This information has adverse threats on the person that buy the products containing these tags because the information can be used to cause harm to them when it lands in wrong hands (Cazier, Wilson and Medlin 2007). Some of these threats are outlined below. The RFID tags can be used by non-authorized personnel to track and retrieve personal information of people without their knowledge using objects containing these tags. The assessment of their belonging may lead to access to these belongings without the consent of the owner (Spiekermann and Ziekow 2005). The use of mining of data can help acquire information from RFID tags. This information can be used to retrieve and identify the social links that exist between people. This information can be used by security agents to track criminals, but it can also be used by criminal to cause harm to the people (Spiekermann and Ziekow 2005). RFID tags can also cause technology paternalism. This is the fear in people who have objects that contain these tags over the lack of control of machines’ action that cannot be overridden. This can cause punishment to owners of these objects thus intruding on the peoples live. RFID residual tags have their benefits, but the presence of threats on the lives of consumers cannot be overruled. Addressing these threats will ensure that consumers are comfortable buying products containing these tags (Gao, Xiang,Wang, Shen, Huang and Song 2004). Gao, X., Z. Xiang, H. Wang, J. Shen, J. Huang, and S. Song. (2004). â€Å"An Approach to Security and Privacy of RFID System for Supply Chain,† Proceedings of the Conference on IEEE International, September 2004, pp.

How Have Western Views of Knowledge Changed over Time Essay Example for Free

How Have Western Views of Knowledge Changed over Time Essay Throughout history, cultures have held disparate views on the nature of knowledge. Epistemology, the branch of philosophy that focuses on basic questions such as: â€Å"What is knowledge? How do we know what we know? †, lies at the heart of these views. In Western culture, the answers to these basic questions have changed markedly over time. Throughout history, this evolution in philosophy has been inextricably linked to science and religion. Much of Western thought has been heavily influenced by the philosophy of the Ancient Greeks. In particular, the epistemological views of the Ancient Greeks dominated Western thought for centuries. Of all the Greek philosophers, Plato was one of the most influential. In his most famous work The Republic, Plato used the Allegory of the Cave to describe the role of sensory perception in knowledge acquisition. In his analogy, Plato described a cave in which people were chained down in such a way that prevented them from looking anywhere but forward. Behind them was a fire and in front of them was a wall that reflected shadows from that fire. The prisoner’s captors manipulated these shadows to create forms and stories. The forms and stories that the prisoners saw were the only reality that they knew. Eventually the prisoners left the cave and found true reality outside. It was only then that the prisoners understood that what they had perceived until this moment was a false perception. The Allegory of the Cave served to illustrate Plato’s epistemological views. Today, we describe Plato’s philosophical views as rationalist. He argued against reliance on sensory experience because he believed that it failed to provide us with any guarantee that what we experience was, in fact, true. He believed that the information we get by relying on sensory experience is constantly changing and often unreliable. It can be evaluated only by appealing to higher principles that do not change. In the Allegory of the Cave, Plato was comparing our sensory perception to the shadows on the wall of the cave. Plato saw us as the chained prisoners unable to know anything but this false reality. Only by leaving the cave and ascending to higher orders of thought are we able to know true reality. Implicit in this view was the belief that true knowledge cannot be found through empirical investigation. According to Plato, empirical knowledge was merely opinion. Only thought and abstract reasoning could produce true knowledge. The rationalist view of epistemology dominated much of Western thought for centuries. Eventually, progress in science during the Renaissance changed this. One of the first to change these dominant views was Andreas Vesalius. In 1543, Vesalius published De Humanis Corporis Fabrica (On the Workings of the Human Body), an elaborately illustrated atlas of human anatomy. While Vesalius’ published work had significant historical importance in the field of medicine, his most enduring legacy was his revolutionary challenge of the medical conventions of his day. For centuries, physicians had relied on reading texts from Galen for medical knowledge rather than participating in the direct dissection of human corpses. Vesalius promoted the practice of dissection and hands on experience. By overthrowing the Galenic tradition and relying on his own observations, Vesalius was advocating an empirical understanding of the human body. This shift from rationalism to empiricism became one of the defining characteristics of the Scientific Revolution. In direct contrast to rationalism, empiricism emphasized the acquisition of knowledge through direct observation and experiment. Empiricism not only encouraged but required reliance on our senses. This was in direct opposition to Plato’s epistemological view that had dominated for a millennium. This shift from Plato’s rationalism to scientific empiricism had significant ramifications for philosophy. While before this time there had always been collaboration between science and philosophy and religion, there had been no real distinction between them. Now, empirical knowledge served as a way of testing philosophical knowledge. This would ultimately lead to their incompatibility and their eventual separation. This separation is largely attributed to Galileo, one of the major figures during the Scientific Revolution. Even in his time, Galileo was a renown scientist and a philosopher. While he relied heavily on empirical methods in his studies of physics and astronomy, he also depended on rational thinking in his use of mathematics. It was through his combined use of empirical observations and rational thought that he confirmed the Copernican view that the sun was the center of the universe. However, the Copernican heliocentric worldview conflicted with the dominant geocentric view espoused by philosophers from the time of Aristotle. Making matters even more complicated was the fact that philosophers couched this dispute as a religious matter arguing that a heliocentric worldview went against the teachings of the Bible. As the geocentric view had been adopted by the church, the heliocentric worldview was branded as heresy. Galileo, certain of the physical truth of his heliocentric paradigm and at the same time devout in his religious beliefs, worked to reconcile this conflict by divorcing the church from â€Å"purely physical matters, where faith is not involved. By working to separate science, philosophy, and religion, Galileo was attempting to reestablish the compatibility of science and religion. Despite Galileo’s attempts, the conflict between scientific and religious worldviews is still evident today. The epistemological tradition of today has created a dominant worldview based on evidence. As during the time of Galileo, this worldview has at times conflicted with widely held religious beliefs. This divide, empiricism vs. faith, has become an increasingly prominent conflict in American politics. A recent announcement by GOP presidential candidate, Rick Perry highlights this divide. Rick Perry recently publicly declared his disbelief in the theory of evolution in favor of intelligent design. The theory of evolution is an explanation of the origin of life widely supported across numerous scientific disciplines. Though science and empiricism overwhelming supports the theory of evolution, it does not largely accepted by the populace. The controversial nature of evolution has emerged because, once again, a â€Å"purely physical matter† has been politicized as a religious matter. Rick Perry’s views on evolution illustrate a larger phenomenon in U. S. politics. That is, views regarding the evolution/intelligent design conflict tend to be politically divided. Intelligent design or faith based arguments are generally forwarded by conservative Republicans such as Rick Perry. Evidence based empirical arguments, such as evolution, are championed by liberal Democrats. Science has become political as conservatives are aligned with religion.

The Internet Does Not Have Everything Essays -- Argumentative Persuasi

The Internet Does Not Have Everything Everyone needs to know that the World Wide Web (a subset of the Internet; see Internet for a definition of "Internet") is a tool, not the be-all and end-all of research. Many students begin their research assignments with the "fact" from their teachers that they'll be able to find, from now on, everything they need on the Web. Not true. Students do need to be made aware that the Web is a great resource when you need some very current information--today's Dow Jones average, currency exchange rates, score in your favorite baseball team's game, news headlines, etc. Furthermore, through libraries there are increasing numbers of indexes that before were available on CD-ROM or in printed books, that are now accessed via the Web (only to authorized users); these are not "on" the Web per se. The term used to differentiate these proprietary and other directly inaccessible sources is the "invisible Web." The invisible Web is much larger than the visible Web. However, some students seem to think that they can find EVERYTHING on the Web. They can't. They probably never will in their lifetimes either. There is simply too much information out there to have it all transferred to an electronic--and widely accessible--format. Other issues that keep things from existing on the Web: Costs can be astronomical--and who is going to pay them? Scanning in images is expensive and time consuming (think of the millions of photographs in archives around the world), Copyright concerns play a major role in keeping things from being widely accessible; companies want to make a profit (there are hundreds of databases that can only be used by au... ...-and help them to identify more readily trustworthy sources. It is doing everyone in society a disfavor to lead citizens (whether young or old) to believe that the Web has every piece of information that one might need. In this increasingly technologically-dependent world, it is critical that the citizens in it are finding reliable information before they start inventing, improving, building, cleaning, renewing, destroying, exploring, etc. They need to be able to critically evaluate their options, and make sure that they aren't ignoring sources that happen not to be available on the Web. The exclusively techno-reliant are, in their own way, as unreliable a source for trustworthy or thorough information as the techno-phobes who won't use the Web at all. Using the best tool for the job or information need is the only way to be certain that you get the best results. The Internet Does Not Have Everything Essays -- Argumentative Persuasi The Internet Does Not Have Everything Everyone needs to know that the World Wide Web (a subset of the Internet; see Internet for a definition of "Internet") is a tool, not the be-all and end-all of research. Many students begin their research assignments with the "fact" from their teachers that they'll be able to find, from now on, everything they need on the Web. Not true. Students do need to be made aware that the Web is a great resource when you need some very current information--today's Dow Jones average, currency exchange rates, score in your favorite baseball team's game, news headlines, etc. Furthermore, through libraries there are increasing numbers of indexes that before were available on CD-ROM or in printed books, that are now accessed via the Web (only to authorized users); these are not "on" the Web per se. The term used to differentiate these proprietary and other directly inaccessible sources is the "invisible Web." The invisible Web is much larger than the visible Web. However, some students seem to think that they can find EVERYTHING on the Web. They can't. They probably never will in their lifetimes either. There is simply too much information out there to have it all transferred to an electronic--and widely accessible--format. Other issues that keep things from existing on the Web: Costs can be astronomical--and who is going to pay them? Scanning in images is expensive and time consuming (think of the millions of photographs in archives around the world), Copyright concerns play a major role in keeping things from being widely accessible; companies want to make a profit (there are hundreds of databases that can only be used by au... ...-and help them to identify more readily trustworthy sources. It is doing everyone in society a disfavor to lead citizens (whether young or old) to believe that the Web has every piece of information that one might need. In this increasingly technologically-dependent world, it is critical that the citizens in it are finding reliable information before they start inventing, improving, building, cleaning, renewing, destroying, exploring, etc. They need to be able to critically evaluate their options, and make sure that they aren't ignoring sources that happen not to be available on the Web. The exclusively techno-reliant are, in their own way, as unreliable a source for trustworthy or thorough information as the techno-phobes who won't use the Web at all. Using the best tool for the job or information need is the only way to be certain that you get the best results.